| File: | 102_vi.txt |
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| Last Modified: | 2000/01/20 23:23:08 |
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| Document Title: | Unix Editor - vi notes |
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Contents
102.1 General --
vi is an important editor to know in the UNIX enviroment because it is
always available. The followins notes are reminders for detailed
information please see the following books:
Beginners
--------
Learning the vi editor
By Linda Lamb & Arnold Robbins
Published by O'Reilly
ISBN 1-56592-426-6
Advanced
--------
The Ultimate Gude to the VI and EX text editors
By Hewlett Packard
Published by Addison-Wesley
ISBN 0-8053-4460
102.2 Reminders --
Editor Commands
Esc Return to Command mode.
. Repeat Previous Command.
Ctl-L Redraw screen.
:q! Quit and abandon changes.
ZZ Quit and save changes.
:w Save buffer without quitting vi.
:n edit next file
:w fn Write buffer to a new file.
:r fn Read filename and insert.
vi -r Recover file after a system crash.
Insert/Change Commands:
i Before cursor.
I Before first nonblank character on line.
a After cursor.
A At end of line.
o Open a line next line down.
O Open a line next line up.
rx Replace single character with x.
R Replace characters.
c(n) Change characters.
Cursor movement commands
space Right one character position.
h Left one character
j Down to same position in line below.
k Up to same position in line above.
l Right one character.
w Forward to first letter of next word.
b Back to first letter of previous word.
+ First character of next line.
- First character of previous line.
0 Beginning of current line.
$ End of current line.
Return Forward to beginning of next line.
( Back to beginning of current sentence.
) Ahead to beginning of next sentence.
{ Back to beginning of current �.
} Ahead to beginning of next �.
f F x Find character x in line stop on (repeat ;),
t T x Find character x in line stop before (repeat ;),
File Posistion Commands
H Left end of top line on screen.
M Left end of middle line on screen.
L Left end of lowest line on screen.
G Last line in work buffer.
nG Move to line number n.
Ctl-D Down half screen.
Ctl-U Up half screen.
Ctl-F Down almost a full screen.
Ctl-B Up almost a full screen.
Ctl-E Scroll down one line at a time.
Ctl-Y Scroll up one line at a time.
z Rtn Move current line to top of screen.
z Move current line to center of screen.
z- Move current line to bottom of screen.
/pat Find pat (n repeats N reverses).
?pat Previous line matching pat.
Delete Commands:
x Character at cursor.
X Character before cursor.
(n)dd Current line.
d(n)w Delete to end of word.
d(n)b Delete to beginning of word.
d(n)0 Delete to end of line.
d(n)$ Delete to beginning of line.
d(n)) Delete to end of sentance.
d(n)( Delete to begining of sentance.
d(n)} Delete to end of paragraph.
d(n){ Delete to beginning of paragraph.
d(n)G Delete to end of file.
d(n)1G Delete to begining of file.
u Undo a command.
U Undo an undo command.
Buffers and Marks
Y Yank to buffer
yy Yank to buffer
Y'x Yank from current line to mark x
"xY Yank to buffer x .
P Put from buffer
pp Put from buffer
"xP Put from buffer x
mx Mark posistion with letter x.
`x Goto mark x.
'x Goto first of line with mark x.
Set Behavior
:set ai Turn on autoindent
:set noai Turn off autoindent
:set nu Turn on linenumbers
:set nonu Turn off linenumbers
:set sw=n Set swiftwidth = to n
:set show settings
ex commands
form of commands: line address command parametes
(line address is a single line
or a range seperated by a comma)
1 first line in file
$ last line in file
. current line in file
n nth line in file
.-n nth line before current line
.+n nth line after current line
% all lines in file (1,$)
'x line with marker x
/ / first line in forward search matching pattern
? ? first line in backward search matching pattern
n,ns/ / / substitue second pattern for first on lines n - n
%s/ / / substitue second pattern for first in whole doc
%s/ / /c substitue and confirm
%s/ / /g substitue multiple times per line
%!command run all lines through unix command
n,n!command run lines n-n through unix command
.,'x!command run lines lines current-marker x through unix command
%!expand expand tabs to spaces
%!expand -a convert spaces to tabs
:ab xxx xxxxxx abbreviate xxx to be expanded to xxxxxx
:uab xxx turn abbreviation off for xxx
:map show mapped keys
:map x xxxxx map char x to xxxxxx
@x exec named buffer x in a shell
:list show control character on current line
102.3 Sample .exrc --
A file named .exrc located in the users home director will be executed
when vi starts. The example below can be found in
/share/local/lib/skel/vi/.exrc
map # :?^$?+1,/^$/-1s/^/#/^M/^$^M/.^M
map % :?^$?+1,/^$/-1s/^#//^M/^$^M/.^M
map * :?^$?+1,/^$/-1!hang^M/^$^M/.^M
map @ :r !date^MkJ
map [ :?^$?+1,/^$/-1!hang -w^M/^$^M/.^M
map ] :?^$?+1,/^$/-1!hang -wn^M/^$^M/.^M
map { :?^$?+1,/^$/-1!hang -bw^M/^$^M/.^M
map } :?^$?+1,/^$/-1!hang -bwn^M/^$^M/.^M
Notes: a group is defined any number of lines seperated by blank
line above and below
# will prepend a # to all lines in current group
and addvance to cursor to next group
% will remove a leading # from all lines in current group
and addvance to cursor to next group
* will align all lines in current group with the first
line and advance cursor to next group
@ appends date to end of current line
[ will wrap all lines in current, indent same as first
line, and advance cursor to next group
] same as above except we reduce right margin by same as left
{ will wrap all lines in current, indent same as first line,
(except first word will "hang" outside to left of paragrpah)
and advance cursor to next group
} same as above except we reduce right margin by same as left
The macros fail if used on the last group in a file and there
is not an empty line after the group.
When making your own macro note that:
- you can't see the file correctly if you "cat" it. The imbeded
^M will overwrite part of the line
- You must imbed a real CR not a ^ and M.
- how the map works:
map # :?^$?+1,/^$/-1s/^/#/^M/^$^M/.^M
map map command
# key to map
: : key to get to ex
?^$?+1 1st address
search backwards
for empty line
go forward 1 line
,
/^$/-1 2nd address
search forward
for empty line
go backward 1 line
s substitue command
/^/ find beginning of line
/#/ add #
^M need CR to finish line
/^$^M/ find next empty line
.^M move forward one line