The Bible and Civilization, 1973, by Gabriel Sivan. An achievement of profound significance on the continent was the German Bible of Martin Luther. Die gantze Heilige Schrifft Deudsch (Wittenberg, 1534). This work, paradoxically enough, made the New High German dialect of the Catholic South the accepted vehicle for Protestant theology, preaching, and worship. Heine called "this old book" the German language's "fountain of rejuvenation" and pointed out that "all expressions and idioms to be found in the Lutheran Bible are German. The writer must go on using them ..." Nietzsche, who preferred the Old Testament to the New, declared that, "compared with Luther's Bible, almost everything else is merely 'literature' -- something which has not grown in Germany, and therefore has not taken and does not take root in German hearts, as the Bible has done" (Jenseits von Gut und B�se, 1886). The Bible and Civilization (p 81): The sense of outrage and anxiety that welled up in the cry of the Prophets was to inspire much of Judaism's legal code and many attitudes and institutions developed within Christianity and Islam. One commentator notes: "All modern social legislation is an outcome of the prophetic spirit, and the spirit of these Hebrew teachers will continue to urge nations to ever fresh reforms." Hermann Gunkel, Was bleibt vom Alten Testament, 1916. Heinrich Heine called Luther's Bible (1534) "the fountain of rejuvenation" of the German language. He praised "this old book" of Semitic origins in lyrical style: "Sunrise, sunset, promise and fulfillment, birth and death, the whole human drama, everything is in this book . . . It is the Book of Books, Biblia." C.H. Cornill in Das Alte Testament und die Humanitat, 1895, writes: At a time when the deepest night of inhumanity covered the rest of mankind, the religion of Israel breathed forth a spirit of love and brotherhood which must fill even the stranger, if he be only willing to see, with reverence and admiration. Israel has given the world true humanitarianism, just as it has given the world the true God." When Hitler sought to 'purge' German culture of its Biblical-Hebraic components, Michael Cardinal von Faulhaber of Munich delivered a trenchant and memorable retort: "If we are to repudiate the Old Testament and banish it from our schools and national libraries, then we must disown our German classics. We must cancel many phrases from the German language ... We must disown the intellectual history of our nation." |
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