Cronologia da 1ª e 2ª República
1910 Depois da Revolução,  a República Portuguesa é declarada do balcão da Câmara de Lisboa. Teófilo Braga é nomeado Presidente interino com poderes de 1º ministro.
1910 Introdução de novas leis , que incluem a legalização das greves, expulsão das ordens religiosas, abolição dos títulos de nobreza, novas leis de protecção da família, e o encerramento das Faculdades de Leis e Teologia da Universidade de Coimbra.
1911 Greve dos ferroviários
1911 Lei da Separação - A Republica Portuguesa deixa de ser uma Nação Católica ( No papel claro )
1911 O Vaticano publica a Encíclica "Iamdudum in Portugal", que denuncia a Lei da Separação.
1911 Lei que introduz a Assistência Pública.
1911 Eleita a Assembleia Constituinte
1911 Manuel de Arriaga é eleito  Presidente da República
1911 João Chagas torna-se o Primeiro Ministro do 1º Governo Constitucional
1911 Paiva Couceiro lidera a primeira incursão monárquica desde a Espanha. 1ª Invasão desde Trás-os-Montes
1911 Augusto de Vasconcelos torna-se primeiro ministro do 2º governo constitucional.
1911 Abertura das Universidades de Lisboa e Porto, terminando com o monopólio de Coimbra.
1912 António José de Almeida e Brito Camacho formam respectivamente o Partido Evolucionista e o Partido Unionista a partir de elementos conservadores do Partido Republicano.
1912 Duarte Leite Pereira Silva forma novo governo.
1912 Paiva Couceiro lidera a segunda invasão monárquica desde Trás-os-Montes .
1913 Afonso Costa forma novo governo
1913 Machado Santos tenta um leventamento el Lisboa
1913 Protesto de trabalhadores leva à extinção da união de sindicatos em Lisboa. A Universidade de Lisboa abre a sua faculdade de Direito.
1913 São cortadas as relações dipliomáticas com o Vaticano.
1913 Golpe monárquico em Lisboa
1913 O Governo introduz legislação que a torna a entidade patronal responsável pelos pelos acidentes de trabalho.
1913 João de Azevedo Coutinho dirige um grupo de monárquicos que provocam vários ataques à bomba em Lisboa.
1913 O Partido Democrático dirigido por Afonso Costa ganha as eleições legislativas.
1914 Afonso Costa forma novo governo.
1914 Os monárquicos implicados em vários levantamentos, são amnistiados.
1914 1º número do jornal, Nação Portuguesa
1914 Vítor Hugo Azevedo Coutinho ganha as eleições legislativas e forma novo governo, com a alcunha dos "Miseráveis" por analogia com a novela de Victor Hugo.
1915 O Presidente Arriaga convida o General Pimenta de Castro para substituir o governo na chamada Revolução das Espadas.
1915 Período de grande agitação social, principalmente na região de Lisboa.
1915 José Ribeiro de Castro forma governo interino
1915 O presidente Arriaga renuncia e é substituido por Teófilo Braga.
1915 O Partido Democrático ganha as eleições
1915 José de Castro chefia o novo governo.
1915 Bernardino Machado é eleito presidente.
1915 A união de sindicatos  UON, é dissolvida.
1915 Afonso Costa chefia um novo governo Democráticio.
1915  Levantamento de Pimenta de Castro
1916 Governo ordena o aprisionamento dos navios alemães em águas portuguesas ( Fevereiro).
1916 Alemanha declara guerra a Portugal (Março).
1916 A União Sagrada forma governo sobre a chefia de  José de Almeida. Afonso Costa torna-se ministro das finanças. Brito Camacho recusa participar. 
1916 É criado o ministério de Trabalho e Segurança Social.
1916 Machado Santos chefia uma revolução militar contra o governo, que falha,  desde Tomar.
1917  Entrada de Portugal na 1ª Grande Guerra. Primeiras tropas enviadas para a frente de batalha.
1917  Aparições de Fátima
1917  Estalam desordens em Lisboa provocadas pela fome e falta de combustível. Estas desordens populares foram agravadas pela onda de greves que o governo tentou parar pela força. A Uniao de Trabalhadores é reformada e toma ràpidamente o control das greves. que se espalham por todo o país,
1917  Publicação do Rol da Desonra, um panfleto criticando os políticos democráticos e que é escrito pelos soldados que serviam na frente d 1ª Guerra Mundial, mal equipados, alimentados e totalmente abandonados pelos governos de Lisboa.
1917  Rebenta rebelião militar em Lisboa
1917  O Major Sidónio Pais ( Pro Alemanha ), cabecilha da rebelião destitue o governo. Afonso Costa é preso no Porto e consegue fugir do país. Bernardino Machado parte para exílio em Paris. Norton de Matos escapa para Gibraltar numa fragata inglesa a, HMS Woodnut
1917  A junta militar, formada por Sidónio Pais, Machado Santos e Feliciano da Costa, assume o poder.
1918 Sidónio Pais comanda pessoalmente as unidades de artilharia que do castelo de S. Jorge bombardeiam o navio rebelde Vasco da Gama.
1918 Sidónio cria o Ministério da, da Subsistencia e  Transportes na tentativa de aliviar os efeitos da crise económica. Cria a Sopa Económica. conhecida popularmente pela "Sopa do Sidónio"
1918 Introdução do sufrágio universal masculino.
1918 Batalha de La Lys onde os portugueses sorem cerca de 8.000 baixas entre mortos e feridos. ( 9 de Abril )
1918 Sidónio Pais é eleito Presidente por sufrágio universal.
1918 As eleições legislativas para o novo Parlamento dão maioria absoluta ao partido Nacional Republicano ( Partido Sinonista ). O Partido monárquico é o 2ª logo seguido dos Católicos e Independentes. 
1918 São restabelecidas as relações diplomáticas com o Vaticano.
1918 Liberal led rebellion against Sidónio's regime breaks out in several towns. The organised working class withdraw their initial support for the regime and participate in the rebellion
1918 A Alemanha rende-se aos aliados.
1918 Sidónio is assassinated in the Rossio Railway Station, shot by a trade unionist and former Western Front soldier. He had been on his way to Braga to hold discussions with the leader of the monarchist Northern Military Junta in an attempt to avert a civil war. His dying words are reputed to be "Morro bem... para salvar a Nação" (I die well... to save the Nation)
1918 Admiral João Canto e Castro is named as Sidónio's successor in accordance with the 1911 Constitution. The reason he was elected in this way was because Sidónio had failed to implement a Constitutional settlement for his presidentialist and charismatic regime.
1919 Spanish Flu epidemic sweeps Portugal, killing over 60,000 people. Government establishes the Faculty of Arts at the University of Oporto
1919 Republican troops revolt in Santarém. Government forces led by Tamagnini Barbosa quickly suppress the uprising, but only with the aid of troops loyal to the Northern Military Junta.
1919 The Northern Military Junta proclaims the monarchy in Oporto, leading to the establishment of the Monarchy of the North. A simultaneous monarchist proclamation is made in Lisbon, although the monarchist forces that occupied the hill at Monsanto, overlooking the city, are quickly surrounded and after 5 days heavy fighting are forced to surrender due to lack of ammunition and food. They had expected to be relieved by troops from the north, but Government forces and popular elements successfully prevented their advance near the northern town of Aveiro. The Northern Junta was finally overcome on 13 February.
The Treaty of Versailles is signed by Afonso Costa on behalf of the Portuguese government. Portugal did not obtain any of its demands, although it did receive an indemnity for Germany's incursions into Angola between 1914 and 1916, prior to its entry into the war. The fact that Spain, a neutral country, received some benefits from the peace settlement caused an outrage in Portugal, and incensed opponents of the Democratic Party, which had justified its determination to secure Portugal's participation with the promise of a share in the spoils of victory.
1919 José de Almeida is elected President
1919 Foundation of the General Labour Confederation (CGT - Confederaçao Geral do Trabalho) and launch of anarcho-syndicalist newspaper A Batalha (The Battle). This anarcho-syndicalist inspired organisation replaced the UON. The employers respond by forming the Confederation of Employers (Confederação Patronal). The Portuguese Communist Party (PCP - Partido Comunista Português) is formed with the lauch of a weekly newspaper, A Bandeira Vermelha (The Red Flag). The Integralists relaunch their newspaper, A Monarquia.
1920 Integralists withdraw their support for D. Manuel as a result of his failure to endorse the Monarchy of the North. This causes a split within Integralism and effectively ends the movement's attempts to establish itself as a political party. Álvaro de Castro breaks away from the Democratic Party and forms the Reconstituintes
1921 Bernardino Machado forms a new government
Portuguese Communist Party officially formed out of the Portuguese Maximalist Federation. Launch of Communist newspaper Avante! (Forward!).
Norton de Matos is appointed High Commissioner of Angola
Republican National Guard uprising in Lisbon leads to the replacement of Bernardino Machado's government with one led by Tomé de Barros Queirós
Reconciliation of the Legitimist and Constitutionalist branches of the royal family with the Legitimist pretender, D. Duarte Nuno recognising D. Manuel II's claim to the throne in return for his being named successor in the event of Manuel dying without issue. This creates turmoil within Integralism which issues a statement declaring that it has no opinion regarding the person of the king, only on the office of the monarchy, and, as a result, Integralism will accept any monarchist supporter, regardless of their personal favourite Bragança.
Naval and GNR revolt in Lisbon seeking to force resignation of António Granjo's government, apparently under the pretext that the government was preparing to imprison the former Prime Minister, Colonel Liberato Pinto, on charges of corruption. This revolt led to a wave of lawlessness in Lisbon, with armed gangs prowling the streets and breaking into the homes of prominent politicians, many of whom, including Machado Santos and the Prime Minister, António Granjo, were murdered in what became known as A Noite Sangrenta (The Bloody Night).
A group of left-wing intellectuals and writers, including António Sergio, Raul Proença and Raul Brandão, begin publishing a weekly magazine, Seara Nova (New Harvest). Several of the founding members of this group were employed at the National Library, and as a result became known as the Biblioteca Group. Seara Nova advocated the creation of a distributionist type political system along similar lines to that proposed by G.D.H. Cole and the British Guild Socialists. This movement was to become almost as influential in political circles as Integralismo Lusitano, with which it briefly collaborated in a short-lived joint publication Homem Novo
1923 Communist Party holds its first National Congress. António Sergio becomes the first Seara Nova member to become a government minister when he accepts the Labour Ministry
1924 Union of Economic Interests (UIE - União dos Interesses Económicos) is formed as a political party for business interests and in an attempt to prevent working class organisations from hegemonising the political debate
1925 Military revolt led by Sinel de Cordes is put down in Lisbon by military units loyal to the Government. The commander of the Government forces in Lisbon was refused permission to distribute weapons to civilians. Sinel de Cordes and several other rebel ringleader fled to the Spanish Legation in the Praça de Espanha where they were granted temporary asylum. The Spanish authorities only agreed to release the rebels on the understanding that they would receive a fair trial. Many loyal commanders were aggrieved when the Government imprisoned the rebels. Fearing another uprising, the Court dismissed all charges against the rebels who were then restored to their units unpunished.
Bernardino Machado replaces Manuel Teixeira Gomes as President.
José Domingos dos Santos breaks away from the Democratic Party to form the Republican Party of the Democratic Left (PRED - Partido Republicano da Esquerda Democrática). António Maria da Silva, leader of the centre-right faction, becomes leader of the rump Democratic Party and Prime Minister
1926 Attempted coup by supporters of the Radical Party
Cunha Leal forms the right-wing Liberal Republican Union (ULR - União Liberal Republicana) after being forced out of the Nationalist Party.
1926  Revolta de Braga e instalação da 2ª República
1928  Carmona é eleito presidente
1955  A Índia anexa Dadrá e Nagar Aveli
1965 Diplomatic incident between Malawi and Portugal following the incursion of Portuguese troops into Malawi territory
1965 Salazar makes his famous speech "Proudly alone".
1965 Silva Cunha becomes Overseas Minister.
1965 The government dissolves the Portuguese Writers' Society for having awarded the Camilo Castelo Branco Prize to the Angolan writer Luandino Vieira for his anti colonial book Luanda
1965 The World Health Organisation's general meeting in Geneva is suspended following a proposal to expel Portugal. The Imperial Students' House in Lisbon is closed
1966 The British army blockades the port of Beira to prevent the supply of petroleum to Rhodesia
1966 Creation of UNITA (National Union for the Total Independence of Angola) under Jonas Savimbe
1966 Portugal complains of British violations of its Mozambican waters and airspace
1966 The Portuguese embassy in Kinshasha is looted
1966 Zaire cuts diplomatic relations with Portugal
1966 Portugal closes its borders with Zaire and suspends services on the Benguela Railroad during two weeks of heightened tension
1966 UNITA attacks Teixeira de Sousa signalling the beginning of hostilities in eastern Angola. Colonel Rebocho Vaz is appointed Governor General of Angola
1967 Portugal strengthens its position within NATO with the latter's decision to locate the headquarters of the Ibero Atlantic Command in Lisbon
1967 UN Security Council condemns Portugal for allowing the movement of mercenaries bound for Zaire through Angola
1968 António Spínola is nominated Governor General of Guinea and Commander in Chief of Portuguese forces in the colony
1968 Zaire complains of Portuguese incursions on its territory
1968 The Council of Ministers decide to give their agreement to the construction of the Cabora Bassa Dam in Mozambique
1968 The OAU ceases to recognise the FNLA as the only liberation organisation in Angola and instead recognises the MPLA. Frelimo holds its 2nd Congress in Niassa
1968 The extent of damage to Salazar's health following his accident on 3 August is revealed
1968 Américo Tomás announces that Marcello Caetano is to replace Salazar as President of the Council of Ministers
1968 Caetano announces that there will be no change to his predecessor's colonial policy
1969 Saint Dominic's Church in Lisbon is occupied by a group of Catholics opposed to the government's colonial policy
1969 International Conference of Solidarity with the People of the Portuguese Colonies takes place in Kartum
1969 Eduardo Mondlane is assassinated by a letter bomb in Dar es Salam
1969 The PAIGC takes the Fortress of Madina do Boé
1969 Caetano becomes the first serving Portuguese Prime Minister to visit the colonies with a visit to Guinea, Angola and Mozambique
1969 In a speech in Lourenço Marques Caetano outlines a proposal to grant "progressive autonomy" to the "overseas provinces."
1969 Decree Law 49107 reorganising the command structure of the armed forces in Africa is published. This new law grants the Commanders in Chief the responsibility for organising and executing military operations in their respective territories
1969 101 Portuguese soldiers are killed in Mozambique when their landing craft sinks during a crossing of the Zambeze River
1969 During the legislative election campaign the opposition candidates demand self determination for the colonies
1970 The US agrees to supply "non lethal" equipment to Portugal for use in Africa
1970 The Parochial Priest of Belém in Lisbon is arrested for a sermon in which he denounced atrocities carried out by Portuguese forces during the wars
1970 Kaúlza de Arriaga is nominated Commander in Chief of Portuguese troops in Mozambique
1970 Three army majors are killed in an ambush by the PAIGC
1970 Samora Machel becomes president of Frelimo
1970 Kaúlza de Arriaga puts into action his Operation Gordian Knot
1970 Salazar dies ( 27 de Julho )
1970 Pope Paul VI receives the leaders of the PAIGC, MPLA and Frelimo at the Vatican
1970 Transport ships taking troops and equipment to Africa are bombed in Lisbon
1970 Operation Green Sea in Conakry. Some Portuguese prisoners are liberated
1970 The trial of the Bishop of Oporto, Mário de Oliveira, for his opposition to the Wars begins
1971 Special Forces groups and Special Paratroop Groups of native Africans are created in Mozambique
1971 A UN Special Commission reveals that Portuguese troops have been guilty of committing atrocities against the civilian populations in Africa
1971 In an RTP interview Kaúlza de Arriaga states that he is confident that the victory of his forces in Mozambique is immanent
1971 The DGS gives the Congregation of White Bishops 24 hours to leave Mozambique
1971 The DGS expels all missionaries of the Congregation of White Bishops from Mozambique
1971 The PAIGC advances on Bissau and for the first time rocket explosions can be seen from the city
1971 Spínola's troops enter Senegal in an attempt to cut aid to the PAIGC
1971 Constitutional revision grants greater autonomy to the overseas territories
1971 Portuguese troops of the 28th Commandos commit the Massacre of Mucumbura
1972 The MPLA extends is armed conflict to the District of Cunene. Portuguese troops begin an offensive against the MPLA in eastern Angola
1972 The UN Security Council holds an Extraordinary Meeting in Adis Adaba to approve a resolution supporting the liberation movements of Angola, Guinea and Mozambique
1972 UN Special Mission visits PAIGC controlled areas of Guinea
1972 Spínola meets Leopold Senghor in Senegal close to the Guinean border
1972 New Overseas Territories Organic Law is published
1972 General Costa Gomes is appointed Chief of Staff of the armed forces
1972 UN General Assembly grants the representatives of the Angolan Guinean and Mozambican liberation movements observer status
1972 A majority of the delegates to the UN boycott a speech given by the Portuguese Foreign Minister Rui Patrício
1972 The UN General Assembly recognises the PAIGC as the legitimate representative of the people of Guinea Bissau
1972 Amílcar Cabral intervenes during a plenary meeting of the UN to announce Guinea Bissau's unilateral declaration of independence
1972 The UN General Assembly recognises the legitimacy of the armed liberation movements against Portugal
1972 The UN Decolonisation Committee recognises the liberation movements as the legitimate representatives of the people of Angola, Mozambique and Guinea Bissau and demands an immediate transfer of power to them
1972 The MPLA and the FNLA announce an accord creating the Supreme Council for the Liberation of Angola (CSLA)
1972 Massacre of Wiriyamu in Mozambique by officers of the Commando Battalion has serious international repercussions
1972 A group of Catholics occupy the Rato Chapel in Lisbon in commemoration of World Day of Peace and approve a motion against the continuation of the wars. The police enter the church and arrest more than 70 people
1973 Caetano makes his position clear in an interview broadcast on TV and radio: "There is only one path: defend the Ultramar."
1973 The PAIGC use their new Strella surface to air missiles to shoot down their first Portuguese planes
1973 The 1st Congress of Combatants in Oporto is dominated by the extreme right
1973 Publication of Decree Law 353/73 allowing conscripted officers to pass over into the permanent corps provokes protests by junior professional officers
1973 Caetano receives a cold reception on an official visit to London
1973 Kaúlza de Arriaga resigns as Mozambican Commander in Chief
1973 Spínola leaves Guinea
1973 Decree Law 409/73 rescinding Decree Law 353/73 is published
1973 Several officers meet in Bissau to raise corporate grievances and to complain about the style of government
1973 The Captains' Movement meets in Évora and publishes a protest document signed by 136 officers
1973 General Bettencourt Rodrigues replaces Spínola in Guinea
1973 The PAIGC proclaims UDI for the Republic of Guinea Bissau
1973 Conspiracy led by Kaúlza de Arriaga for a coup d'etat in favour of intensifying the wars in Africa
1973 Baltazar Rebelo de Sousa becomes Overseas Minister
1973 Captains' Movement creates organisational structure
1973 Major Carlos Fabião publicly denounces Kaúlza de Arriaga
1964  Aumenta o movimento para a independência em África
1970  Marcelo Caetano forma governo
1974  Revolução dos capitães e instalação da 3ª República
1975  Independência de Angola e Moçambique
1976  Autonomia regional dos Açores
1976  Eleições gerais
1976  Ramalho Eanes é eleito presidente da República
1980  Morte de Sá Carneiro em Camarate
1981  Ramalho Eanes é re-eleito presidente da República
1983  Governo de coalição entre PSD e PS
1986  Portugal entra na União Europeia
1986  Mário Soares é eleito presidente da República
1987 PSD ganha eleições com maioria
1991  PSD ganha eleições com maioria
1991  Mário Soares é re-eleito presidente da República

Presidentes da 1ª República
1910/11 Teófilo Braga ( Provisório )
1911/15 Manuel de Arriaga
1915 Teófilo Braga
1915/17  Bernadino Machado 
1917/18 Sidónio Pais ( 1º Presidente por sufrágio universal )
1918/19 Canto e Castro 
1919/23 António José de Almeida
1923/25  Manuel T. Gomes 
1925/26 Bernadino Machado 

 Presidentes da 2ª República
1928/51 António O. Carmona
 1951/58 Francisco Craveiro Lopes
1958/74 Américo Tomás

Presidentes da 3ª República
Presidentes não eleitos por sufrágio
1974 António de Spínola
1974/76 Costa Gomes
Presidentes eleitos por sufrágio universal
1976  Ramalho Eanes
1981  Ramalho Eanes
1986  Mário Soares 
1991 Mário Soares
1996  Jorge Sampaio 
2001 Jorge Sampaio 

 

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