Word Endings
Heika / Denka

Royalty

Kakka Ambassadors (notables)
Dono Lord (archaic) Like sama but with very personal respect. Sometimes used to formally address letters.

Hakase Professor or Doctor
Sensei Teacher (also used for Doctors and Lawyers)
Chama Young Master
Sama Very polite and formal (usually used with a title) used when addressing someone in a higher position.
San Mr. Mrs. Miss etc. Used for someone who is not a close aquaintance.
Sempai Someone of the same social class but possesing superiority. (upperclassman)
Kohai Someone of the same social class with inferior position. (underclassman) This is rarely used; usually chan or kun (ko) is substituted.
Kojin An individual
Kojin-teki An individual (personal)
Kun Respectful but familiar title used among (male) friends, relatives, and colleagues.
 

Word Endings Cont.

Ko Feminine version of Kun. Although Kun can be used among females, it rarely is
Sa Only used by wives referring to their husbands.
Chan Baby talk. Used by very close childhood friends, boy/girl friends, relatives as a sign of affection.Can be used to patronize younger kid etc. (used mostly by girls)
  Other word endings
Tachi Used to pluralize a word. (All of us {girls}... Atashi-tachi) (apples... Ringo-tachi) (Joey and all those with him.... Jounachi-tachi)
Nai What's not. (I have no strength. Tsuyokunai)
Ja Nai Something's not. (You're not alone. Hitori ja nai)
Ko My (used mostly by girls) (My cherry blossom... Sakurako)
  Note: No honorific denotes a very very close/personal relationship. This relationship can be plutonic, but it very well may not be.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Japanese Honorifics (Keigo)

Keigo is divided into three degrees of familiarity based on , of course, who is being spoken to. Sonkeigo is used when the listener is in a position higher than the speaker. Kenjougo should be used in instances where the listener is in a lower position than the speaker. Finally Teineigo is used among people in basically equalized situations as a way of expressing politeness. This system applies not only to word endings, but to Japanese words in general. The word, you, is a good example as there are hundreds of ways to say this one word with varying degrees of politeness.

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English to Japanese Dictionary

Japanese Honorifics (Keigo)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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