8.6   SAGNAC EFFECT

Sagnac effect is well presented in many sites on the web. It is sustained that it disagrees with the "ballistic" (Emission Theory) concept of light for which no interference pattern would appear as it does in practice.

The problem is that it is assumed that reflections of a beam of light happen instantaneously while within the new proposed theory they take some interval of time which depends on the velocity of the beam. This introduces velocity dependent phase shifts in the reflected beams and so velocity dependent interference patterns in the Sagnac experiment are expected.

In Section 4.1 it is described the structure of a photon as composed by two elementary particles (a positrin and a negatrin) traveling together at half the De Broglie distance λ=h/mç with velocity ç=c+u (vectorial addition) where u is the absolute velocity of the source.

In a reflection of a photon with light distance λ₁/2 where λ₁ = h/mç₁ and velocity ç₁ the header elementary particle is braked and retained by some atom of the surface of the mirror through the action of the Ultimate Force. The other particle continues traveling affected by the Electric, Magnetic and the Ultimate Forces of the first particle of the photon in such a way that it takes some time T₁ to get the nearer point when it begins to be repelled back in the new symmetric direction determining a reflection. At this time a new photon is being created which will have a new light distance λ₂/2 and ç₂ with ç₂=c+u₂ where u₂ is the absolute velocity of the mirror and λ₂ = h/mç₂. It will take some time T2 until the photon is completely released from the surface. The total reflection process took an interval of time T=T₁+T₂ to take place and so a “phase-shift” in the reflected beam has been produced. Note that the value of the “phase-shift” depends on the absolute velocity u₂ of the mirror and so a velocity dependent “phase-shift” would be produced in agreement with the experiment.

The interaction of the photon and the mirror can be understood as an elastic collision.

In a Sagnac-apparatus the phases of the two beams produced in opposite directions will be affected differently by the mirrors due to their absolute velocity and so when arriving at the detector a phase difference on the two beams will be present which produces the observed interference pattern.

Note that when the velocity of the reflected photons is greater than the incoming ones they would become a little shorter and more spaced. When the reflected photons have a smaller velocity they would become a little larger and less spaced.