APPENDIX E

ABOUT HUBBLE RED-SHIFT

Physicist Hubble observed the light's spectrum of galaxies and found a red-shift obeying a pattern in which the red-shift varies progressively from far galaxies to near ones.

The interpretation of his observation was that galaxies are moving away in all directions and in an accelerated manner with nearer galaxies moving at higher velocities what leaved to the "Universe Expansion" theory on the history of the Universe and the "Big Bang" theory on its origin.

But there's no force capable to produce that acceleration.

Here is suggested to consider the possibility that the variation in the spectrum of the galaxies could be produced because the kind of the photons emitted by the stars, and so their length ("wavelength"), and may be even the velocity (light velocity) could have changed through time.

Some parameter(s) in the Physics Laws of the Universe, determining the kind of the photons emitted by the atoms in the processes of galaxies stars radiation, could have been varying through time in such a way that the observed red-shift in the spectrum is produced.

The new theories here give the precise structures for the photon, basic particles and the atoms and in principle the effect of the variation of some physical parameters in the emitted photons could be determined. The problem is that very sophisticated computational simulations of the emission of photons by some atoms, molecules and the physical processes involved in the photons' radiation by the stars seems to be needed.

    NOTE:

New theories on the history and origins of the Universe would be needed.