The Feasibility of Neem Leaves and Bark As An Alternative Mosquito Killer.
Louie Andrew M. Ayson
Statement of the Objective
The main purpose of this study is to determine if neem (Azadirachta Indica) extract, bark, and fruit that can produce effective insect killer in form of sprayer Specifically it aims to:
- 1.To determine if there are active components of neem (Azadirachta Indica) extract, bark, and fruit that can produce effective insect killer.
- 2.To describe the experimental neem (Azadirachta Indica) extract and bark as an alternative mosquito killer than commercial mosquito killer in terms of:
2.1 odor;
2.2 number of mosquitoes killed
- 3.To determine if the experimental neem (Azadirachta Indica) extract and bark, mosquito killer is more acceptable than commercial insect killer in terms of:
3.1 odor;
3.2 number of mosquito killed
Statement of the Problem
The main problem of this study is to utilize the effect of neem (Azadirachta Indica) extract and bark, as an effective mosquito killer in form of sprayer in terms of:
- 1. What are the active components of neem (Azadirachta Indica) extract, bark, and fruit that can be utilized as effective insect killer in form of sprayer?
- 2. Is experimental neem (Azadirachta Indica) extract, bark, and fruit can be an effective insect killer in form of trapthan commercial insect killer in terms of:
2.1 odor;
2.2 number of mosquitoes killed
- 3. Is experimental neem (Azadirachta Indica) extract, bark, and fruit Insect Killer in form of traps is more acceptable than coomercial insect killer in terms of:
3.1 odor;
3.2 number of mosquitoes killed
Hypotheses
Specifically the following are the answers to the problem:
- There are active components present in the two set-ups that can be used as an mosquito killer.
- The active components present in the two set-ups that can be used as an mosquito killer. In terms of:
2.1odor;
2.2number of mosquitoes killed
- The 1st setup neem leaves as an alternative mosquito killer is the most acceptable between the 2 set-ups, in terms of:
3.1odor;
3.2number of mosquitoes killed
Significance of the Study
People who can't afford to buy mosquito killers
For those people, they can enjoy a safe and effective way of killing mosquito. As we all know, mosquito killer is relatively fragile when being intake by human. It may cause head ache. We the use of the researcher’s product, those kind of instance will be avoided. Talking about camping and field trip, mosquito repellents might affect their business if the campers and participants in the field trip will notice that the vehicle where they are is a mosquito prone area. But with the use of the experimental mosquito killer, those kind of instances will be avoided.
Community
In the community, Neem Bark, Fruit and Leaves extract will be more useful since it is already available in the community, therefore through this study, the resources of the community will be developed and enhanced more. If the study will be proven effective, it can be a business or a source of job for the people.
Future Researcher
This study can help the future researchers to improve their own studies. This can give them additional ideas or even new ideas. Through this study, the future researchers can develop their studies to produce better product.
Review of Related Literature
Neem also known as Azadirachta Indica is a tree in the mahogany family Meliaceae. It is one of two species in the genusAzadirachta, and is native to India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh growing in tropical and semi-tropical regions. Neem tree is the official tree of the Sindh Province and is very common in all cities of Sindh, there are projects underway for planting this tree in all over Sindh Province. Neem trees also grow in islands in the southern part of Iran. Its fruits and seeds are the source of neem oil. Neem is a fast-growing tree that can reach a height of 15–20 meters (49–66 ft), rarely to 35–40 meters (115–130 ft). It is evergreen, but in severe drought it may shed most or nearly all of its leaves. The branches are wide and spreading. The fairly dense crown is roundish and may reach a diameter of 15–20 metres (49–66 ft) in old, free-standing specimens. The neem tree is very similar in appearance to its relative, the Chinaberry (Melia azedarach). The opposite, pinnate leaves are 20–40 centimeters (7.9–16 in) long, with 20 to 31 medium to dark green leaflets about 3–8 centimeters (1.2–3.1 in) long. The terminal leaflet is often missing. The petioles are short. The (white and fragrant) flowers are arranged in more-or-less drooping axillary panicles which are up to 25 centimeters (9.8 in) long. The inflorescences, which branch up to the third degree, bear from 150 to 250 flowers. An individual flower is 5–6 millimeters (0.20–0.24 in) long and 8–11 millimeters (0.31–0.43 in) wide. Protandrous, bisexual flowers and male flowers exist on the same individual tree. The fruit is a smooth (glabrous) olive-like drupe which varies in shape from elongate oval to nearly roundish, and when ripe is 1.4–2.8 centimeters (0.55–1.1 in) by 1.0–1.5 centimeters (0.39–0.59 in). The fruit skin (exocarp) is thin and the bitter-sweet pulp (mesocarp) is yellowish-white and very fibrous. The mesocarp is 0.3–0.5 centimeters (0.12–0.20 in) thick. The white, hard inner shell (endocarp) of the fruit encloses one, rarely two or three, elongated seeds (kernels) having a brown seed coat. Neem is also used to give baths to the Muslim dead. Neem leaves are dried in India, Pakistan and placed in cupboards to prevent insects eating the clothes and also while storing rice in tins. Neem leaves are dried and burnt in the tropical regions of Pakistan to keep away mosquitoes. These leaves are also used in many Indian festivals like Ugadi. In India, the plant is variously known as "Sacred Tree," "Heal All," "Nature's Drugstore," "Village Pharmacy" and "Panacea for all diseases". Products made from neem trees have been used in India for over two millennia for their medicinal properties. Neem products are believed by Ayurvedic practitioners to beanthelmintic, antifungal, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antiviral, contraceptive and sedative. It is considered a major component in Ayurvedic and Unani medicine and is particularly prescribed for skin diseases. Neem oil is also used for healthy hair, to improve liver function, detoxify the blood, and balance blood sugar levels. Neem leaves have been also been used to treat skin diseases like eczema, psoriasis. However, insufficient research has been done to assess the purported benefits of neem. In adults, short-term use of neem is safe, while long-term use may harm the kidneys or liver; in small children, neem oil is toxic and can lead to death. Neem may also cause miscarriages, infertility, and low blood sugar. Salimuzzaman Siddiqui was the first scientist to bring the anthelmintic, antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral constituents of the Neem tree to the attention of natural products chemists. In 1942, he extracted three bitter compounds from neem oil, which he named as nimbin, nimbinin, and nimbidin respectively.[15][full citation needed] The process involved extracting the water insoluble components with ether, petrol ether, ethyl acetate and dilute alcohol. The provisional naming was nimbin (sulphur-free crystalline product with melting point at 205 °C, empirical composition C7H10O2), nimbinin (with similar principle, melting at 192 °C), and nimbidin (cream-coloured containing amorphous sulphur, melting at 90–100 °C). Siddiqui identified nimbidin as the main active antibacterialingredient, and the highest yielding bitter component in the neem oil. These compounds are stable and found in substantial quantities in the Neem. They also serve as natural insecticides.
Review of Related Studies
According to the National Pesticide Information Center, capsaicin is classified as an insecticide, miticide, rodenticide, and feeding depressant. It is used to protect plants from mites, lace bugs, and other invertebrates. It can repel and kill insects without significant effect to humans or the environment. It’s also great for repelling invertebrates such as rabbits, squirrels, deer, cats, dogs, or any other creatures, from food and other items. Pepper spray is used to deter attack from bears, dogs, and human predators without causing long-term harm to the offender. The use of chili-laced fencing has been a promising solution for sustainable farming in Africa. It functions as an effective and safe form of pest prevention that deters elephants without seriously harming the noble creatures.
Procedure 