Under the Heaven (4)
天下(四)
1 Other well-known thoughts were from these schools whose representatives were Peng Meng, Tian Pian and Shen Dao. They insisted that people should be an absolutely free man, gathering but cliquing, worshiping nature and being selfless. They claimed that people should not be bound by any material under any condition. Being anxiety-free, they took things as they came; they didn’t think themselves right and insist to doing something on his own way.
其他比較有名的學術思想還有由彭蒙、田駢、慎到等為代表的學派。這個學派他們主張群而不黨，崇尚自然，大公無私，做一個絕對自由自在的人。在任何情況下，他們主張絕不要被任何事物拘束住。他們隨遇而安，無憂無慮; 從不自以為是，執意而為。
公而不黨，易而無私，決然無主，趣物而不兩，不顧於慮，不謀於知，於物無擇，與之俱往，古之道術有在於是者，彭蒙、田駢、慎到聞其風而說之。
2 The key thought of this school was that all things are integrated. You take away any part; you omit the other part. They said, “Heaven can cover all things but can’t bear; earth can bear all thing but can’t cover.” Real Tao covers all but it can’t be made clear by language.
這個學派的中心思想是，萬物一體。你取任何一部份都會遺漏掉其他部分。他們說：「天能覆萬物，但不能載萬物；地能載萬物，可是不能覆萬物。」真正的道包含一切。可是這個道卻不能憑藉語言文字將之解釋清楚。
齊萬物以為首，曰：「天能覆之而不能載之，地能載之而不能覆之，大道能包之而不能辯之。」
3 They knew that all things have its advantage and also have its disadvantage in some respect. They thought that biasing a part inevitably miss the image of the whole. Therefore, teaching itself can't lead the learner to know the truth; only practice of Tao is possible.
他們瞭解不同的人、事、物都有其長處，可是也都有其侷限處; 為此，他們認為專修某項學問者，必然會缺乏對整體之認知。所以，教學是不能讓人領會真理的，只有修道才有可能。
知萬物皆有所可，有所不可，故曰：「選則不遍，教則不至，道則無遺者矣。」
4 For the reason, Shen Dao excluded knowledge and self-awareness. He never did things on his own will until when they were out of absolute necessity. His principle to walk in the world was that to be fair to treat all things. Shen Dao said, “A man says: I understand it. Actually he possibly doesn’t know it well. A little of knowledge that a man acquaints is the start where he leaves truth further and further.”
因為這樣，慎到排斥知識以及自我意識。事物非到了萬不得已的地步，他不會主動去做。公平地對待所有的事是他的處世原則。慎到說：「一個人說他明白，其實他不見得真的明白；一個人得到一點小知識，那正是他離開真理，愈行愈遠的開始。」
5 Such believe led to their self-will, obstinacy and irresponsibility, caring for nothing and uninhabited. Shen Dao laughed at worldly people who worshiping sage. He despised sages, slandering them at his will. Facing problem, he had no fixed opinion, just doing the way what the situation was necessary for surviving.
這樣的信仰使得慎到這樣的人，滿不在乎，放蕩不拘，任性頑固，不負責任。他嘰笑世人對賢者的推崇。他完全不把聖人放在眼裡，任意毀謗; 面對問題時，慎到心無定見，見招拆招，但求存活。
6 He didn’t plan for any purpose and didn’t care for it after it passed. He didn’t believe plan and so on. He didn’t take measures until when it must be done. He whirled as whirlwind and drifted in wind as a feather, and he was more like grindstone racing. No matter what, his behaviors had helped him to avoid the chance of against the law.
他不未雨綢繆，事物過了也不計較。他不信計劃那一套準備工夫。事情不是迫到眉梢，他是不會採取行動的。他像旋風一樣在那兒打轉; 也像羽毛一樣在風中飄蕩; 更像磨刀石似的在那兒空轉。不過他這樣的行為，確實讓他避免了違規，減少了觸犯法律的機會。
是故慎到棄知去己，而緣不得已。泠汰於物，以為道理。曰：「知不知，將薄知而後鄰傷之者也。」謑髁無任，而笑天下之尚賢也；縱脫無行，而非天下之大聖；椎拍刓斷，與物宛轉；舍是與非，苟可以免。不師知慮，不知前後，魏然而已矣。推而後行，曳而後往，若飄風之還，若羽之旋，若磨石之隧，全而無非，動靜無過，未嘗有罪。
7 He held that animal doesn’t stop to do his own things without sake; it doesn’t waste efforts to think what to do tomorrow. Animal forever receives life as it comes. It does what it should do and needn’t plan in advance. For following this principle, Shen Dao had no praising and no blaming by others in his life.
他認為，動物沒有理由，是不會無緣無故停下來想自己的事; 也不會費心去想自己將要作什麼事。動物永遠是隨遇而安，事情應該怎麼做就怎麼做，根本不須運籌帷握。因為秉持這樣的信念，慎到他終身都不曾遭人毀譽。
是何故？夫無知之物，無建己之患，無用知之累，動靜不離於理，是以終身無譽。
8 The gist of Shen Dao’s conduct were to imitate the operation of universe; to do things without plan in advance; sage and man of wisdom are useless; a piece of earth however, contains the philosophy of Tao.
慎到的行為宗旨是，師法萬物，不謀而為。人們根本不須向聖人、智者學習，因為一塊泥土，實際上就已經包含了道的哲理。
故曰：「至於若無知之物而已，無用賢聖，夫塊不失道。」
9 Shen Dao was remarked by common people that his theory is suitable only for the death, not for the living. His theory makes learner freak and perverted.
世人評論慎到，認為他的道只適合死人，不適合活人。學他的道只會令人變得乖僻、怪異。
豪傑相與笑之曰：「慎到之道，非生人之行，而至死人之理，適得怪焉。」
10 Tian Pian learnt from Peng Meng. Peng Meng’s teacher even said, “Ancient people who learn Tao sought for the realm of no praising and no blaming; that realm is so unfathomable that can’t be described with language.”
田駢在彭蒙那兒學習。彭蒙的老師曾說：「古時候學道之人都在追求無毀無譽的境界。而這種境界莫測高深，實非語言、文字所能描述的。」
田駢亦然，學於彭蒙，得不教焉。彭蒙之師曰：「古之道人，至於莫之是、莫之非而已矣。其風窢然，惡可而言﹖」
11 Under the unavoidable condition, they used the opposite and reversed ways to describe it. Tell the truth, the Tao that they have described is not Tao. What they think right is not right actually. Generally speaking, They, Peng Meng, Tian Pian and Shen Dao, don’t understand the real Tao. What they know just is the superficial knowledge of it.
在不得已的情況下，他們用負面列表的方式來形容道。可是真正的說，他們說的其實也不是道。他們認為對的，其實也不太對。總的說彭蒙、田駢、慎到等並不真的瞭解道，他們只是知些道的皮毛罷了。
常反人，不見觀，而不免於鯇斷。其所謂道非道，而所言之韙不免於非。彭蒙、田駢、慎到不知道。雖然，概乎皆嘗有聞者也。