Evidences Of A Full Character (4)
德充符（四）
1 Duke Ai of the State of Lu was eager to seek for talents. Once he mentioned a man to Confucius. Duke Ai said, “In the State of Wei, a man called Aitai Ta his appearance is very ugly but anyone talks with him always remember him and would like to work with him.”
魯哀公求才若渴，有一回他跟孔子談起一個人。哀公說：「衛國有一個人名叫哀駘它。這人奇醜無比，可是男人與之交談後就老是想著他，極思與之共事;
2 Girls see him, would go home and tell their parents that they would rather be his concubines than marry any others.
女孩子見到他，就回家對父母說。寧願做他的小妾，也不願嫁給任何人。
3 This guy has had ten more concubines but the girls who hoping to be his concubines are lining long on the road.
這小子目前己經有十幾個小老婆了，而想要加入小老婆行列的還是絡繹不絕於途。
魯哀公問於仲尼曰：「衛有惡人焉，曰哀駘它。丈夫與之處者，思而不能去也﹔婦人見之，請於父母曰：‘與為人妻，寧為夫子妾’者，十數而未止也。
4 Aitai Ta never wants to rule or lead anyone; however,there are many people following him. Why?
哀駘它從來沒有想過要去統治，領導任何人。可是就是有許多人要跟他，這是為什麼呢?
5 As you know, he has no power as emperor to keep his followers and their families safe; he has no much wealth to support the followers’life; what’s more, he is so ugly.
你想，他並沒有一個君主那樣的權力可以保護跟隨者的身家性命; 他也沒有什麼財力，以填飽跟隨者的肚皮; 而且人又長得那麼醜。
6 The guy does not have his own views. All his views are just copying others’. His reputation is so-so. Beyond his hometown, few people know him.
再說，這人也沒有什麼主意; 有的也只是追隨大家的意見。他的名聲也不見得怎麼樣，走出了他的小圈圈，就沒有幾個人認識他。
7 Even so, he has a lot of followers. I believe that this guy must possess some outstanding characters. Years ago, my curiosity asked me to invite him to my palace. In the first meeting, I was assuredly scared for his appearance. But after stayed together for some times, I found that he truly had something beloved. Knowing him less than one year, I began to trust him totally.
雖然是這樣，他卻老是有一堆追隨者。我想這人一定是有異於常人的功夫。我在好奇心的驅使下，邀請他到宮裡來。初見面，我真被他的外表給嚇到了。然而在與之相處一段時間後，我就發現，這人確實有其可愛之處。不到一年，他就已經完全取得我的信任。
未嘗有聞其唱者也，常和人而已矣。無君人之位以濟乎人之死，無聚祿以望人之腹，又以惡駭天下，和而不唱，知不出乎四域，且而雌雄合乎前，是必有異乎人者也。寡人召而觀之，果以惡駭天下。與寡人處，不至以月數，而寡人有意乎其為人也﹔不至乎期年，而寡人信之。
8 When the position of prime minister was absent, I invited him as my prime minister. He however, was little happy when received the invitation, as if he was unwilling to accept it. I guessed that maybe he didn’t think I am a good King.
當宰相出缺時，我決定聘請他。可是他在回聘時顯得不太高興，好像他不太願意接受這項任命似的。我想大概他認為我不是一個好國王吧！
9 No matter what, he worked for a very short time and then resigned and left me.
總之，他幹了很短的一段時間就掛冠而去了！
10 I felt so sorry for his resignation and leaving. Without him as my prime minister, I seemed to have less interest in governing the country.
對失去這樣的朋友我非常難過。沒有他在朝為相，我好像對治理這個國家的興趣也減低了。
11 Confucius, what kind of man he is on earth, you think. Why does he has such a charm?”
孔先生，你認為他到底是怎麼樣的一個人啊？他的魔力為什麼這麼高。」
國無宰，寡人傳國焉。悶然而後應，氾然而若辭。寡人醜乎，卒授之國。無幾何也，去寡人而行。寡人恤焉若有亡也，若無與樂是國也。是何人者也！」
12 Confucius replied, “The year when I traveled to the State of Chu, on the road I saw a piglet sucking milk from the dead sow’s breasts. It sucked for a while and nothing came out. The piglet left without any sentimental attachment to its dead mother.
孔子回答說：「那年我到楚國去，在路上看見一隻小豬在牠那已死去的母豬乳房上吸奶。吸了一會，當然是什麼都吸不到，這隻小豬就離開了，不再眷戀牠的母親。
13 Standing there, I considered the issue: why does the piglet soon desert its mother’s corpse that it usually lives on.
我站在那兒思考這個問題。為什麼平日相依為命的母親過世後，小豬會很快地棄其遺體於不顧呢？
14 My conclusion is that the sow usually takes care of and nurses the piglet, but the dead sow, it stops taking care of and nursing its baby, which causes the piglet to leave. What the piglet attach to is sow’s care and fresh milk, not its body. Now that there is no fresh milk, the body not represents its mother anymore and the piglet leaves it naturally.
原來，母豬之所以得到小豬的眷戀是因為母豬不時地看顧牠，喂牠奶吃。當母豬死後，牠就不再眷顧小豬，當然更不會供應奶汁。小豬親近的是母豬的眷顧與奶汁，而不只是牠的身體。所以當沒有眷顧，沒有奶汁時，那個身體就不再是母親，小豬自然就離開了。
仲尼曰：「丘也嘗使於楚矣，適見豬子食於其死母者。少焉眴若，皆棄之而走。不見己焉爾，不得類焉爾。所愛其母者，非愛其形也，愛使其形者也。
15 The funeral of a dead soldier in the battlefield is very simple.
當一名士兵在戰場上陣亡後，他的葬禮是極其簡陋的。
16 If feet are cut off, shoes are unworthy. Man without feet, there is no reason to keep his shoes.
當腳被切下，鞋就沒有價值了。沒有腳要鞋做什麼用。
17 Why so? The reason is that once the thing’s original functions disappeared, it surely be abandoned.
為什麼會這樣呢？答案就是他們原來的功能不見了，沒有用的東西當然就棄之如敝屣了。
戰而死者，其人之葬也不以翣資﹔刖者之屨，無為愛之。皆無其本矣。
18 According to the ancient convenance, it prohibited wife and concubines of the King from cutting nail and piercing ear hole; it prohibited married women from working in the palace. The regulations represented the principle of physical intactness.
古禮中規定天子的妻妾是不准剪指甲、穿耳洞的。只要結了婚的婦人就不得在宮中作事。這些特殊規定的精神都是在求體全。
19 We are so strict with our physical intactness. It is certainly more important that a man to keep his intact virtue.
我們連身體的完整性都要求如此之嚴，那麼一個人能保持他德性的完整，當然就更重要了。
為天子之諸御：不翦爪，不穿耳﹔取妻者止於外，不得復使。形全猶足以為爾，而況全德之人乎！
20 Aitai Ta had achieved other’s trust without a word. He was promoted without eminent achievements. The position of prime minister was vacated for him and the only worry was his refusal. I guessed that he had overall talent and his virtue was profound as the Tao of Heaven.”
哀駘它不說一句話就能取得別人的信任。沒有什麼顯赫之功，就能得到上級的提拔; 宰相之職虛位以待，唯一擔心的是怕他拒而不受。我猜想這位先生必定俱備了全方位的才能，而其德性亦如天道是莫測高深的。」
今哀駘它未言而信，無功而親，使人授己國，唯恐其不受也，是必才全而德不形者也。」
21 When Duke Ai discussed with Confucius about the way of managing state, the human resource was one of the inevitable topics.
魯哀公與孔子討論治國之方時，不免談到用人方面的事。
22 Confucius’s advice was that the talent should be used appropriately. The most important work of governor is to put a talent on the appropriate position.
孔子建議適才適用，將正確的人放在正確的位子上是為政者最重要的工作;
23 Confucius said again, “There are few people who are perfect. All we have to do is that employ his strongpoint and restrict his shortcoming.”
孔子又說：「人很少有十全十美的，我們只要選用他的長處注意他的缺點即可。」
24 An idea suddenly occurred to Duke Ai. He asked, “Is there no perfect and overall talent?” Confucius replied, “It is very difficult to find perfect talent in the world. They mostly are those who practice.
哀公這時突發奇想。他問：「這世上難道真的沒有十全十美，才全之人嗎？」孔子說：「十全十美的人在凡世間是很難求的，十全十美的才全之人大都屬於修行者的範疇。
25 The perfect talent knows clearly that life and death, richness and poverty, sage and unworthiness, compliment and blame, hunger and thirst, cold and hotness are inevitable phenomena in this world. They shift in turn as day and night are doing. Regarding life or death, richness or poverty nobody can make clear which one comes first and which one comes afterward. All these changes exist in the same space at the same time.
才全之人清楚地瞭解生死、貧富、賢與不肖、毀譽、飢渴、寒暑等都是這世間必存的現象; 它們像日夜一樣在眾生中不斷地輪替，誰也說不準是先有生再有死或先有貧再有富。所有這些變化都同時存在在這個空間。
哀公曰：「何謂才全？」仲尼曰：「死生存亡、窮達貧富、賢與不肖、毀譽、飢渴寒暑，是事之變、命之行也。日夜相代乎前，而知不能規乎其始者也。
26 Nature decides which role we play. The overall talents know that human can not force or interfere with Nature and spoil its balance and harmony. They are not like Sun Wukong-the Monkey King who rebelled against the Heaven and intently asks it to give him the breaking-law benefits. They just peacefully accept the destiny without any complaint for befalling.
至於輪到誰扮演什麼角色那是大自然的事，才全者知道我們不能勉強，不能干擾以破壞大自然的平衡與和諧; 更不可如孫悟空大鬧天庭那樣，刻意地要求上蒼法外開恩之類的祈求。他們只是心平氣和地接受命運的安排，毫無怨言地接受降臨到自己身上的事實。
27 Not arrogant for win, not depressive for failure. When poor, they are contented with austere life; when rich, they are pleased to do benevolence. Any mood, such as happiness, anger, sadness, delight, love and loathing can’t affect their sound, tranquil and peaceful mind.
勝不驕，敗不餒。貧則安貧樂道，富則樂善好施。喜怒哀樂好惡等情緒都不能影響他們沉穩，安寧，祥和的心境。
28 This kind of men is overall talent. They perhaps are unwilling to take the positions of government. So we don’t expect them to join us.”
這種人可以說是才全之人。不過他們大概不會到政府來任職的，我們也不須強求了！」
故不足以滑和，不可入於靈府。使之和豫通，而不失於兌。使日夜無郤，而與物為春，是接而生時於心者也。是之謂才全。」
29“What’s profound virtue?” Duke Ai asked.
哀公問:「什麼是高深莫測的德呢？」
何謂德不形？」
30 Confucius answered, “A worker, no matter how strong he is, worked day after day, he also becomes exhausted. A magistrate racks his brain to make tact, consider issues and bring out ideas for long time, and then his mood ebbs and his energy is exhausted. He can no longer figure out new ideas.
孔子說: 「一名工人，不論他身體多麼強壯，整天不斷地勞動，他也會精疲力盡。一名文職人員，他長時間的動腦筋、想謀略、出主意，他的心情就會陷入低潮，終而覺得心力枯竭，再也想不出新點子了。
31 So water is. Without stirring, water gets still and becomes clear and transparent. When we pot water, the water stops flowing. The still water stored in pot for long time stinks. The truth of Universe is the concept of making everything of Nature, works in its own way, without any artificial interference.
水也有這樣的現象，當我們不攪動它，讓它靜下來，水就清而透明。當我們將水裝進罐子裡，水就不能流動，不流動的水放久了，它就會失去原有的清澈。這種不干預，讓萬物自然濡動的信念，就是宇宙的真理。
32 From observation of water, we make clear that still water is in best mood. We should imitate water to keep our mind sound, tranquil and peaceful, only for which we could fully concentrate our energy to exert the best performance.
從水的觀察裡，我們也明白，沉靜是水的最佳狀態。我們應該效法水，讓自己的心境經常保持在沉穩，安寧，祥和的狀態。因為，只有這樣，我們才能充分地內聚我們的力量，發揮最大的功效。
33 If we are obsessed with or bothered by trivia all day, we can’t accomplish any important work.”
如果一天到晚都被些瑣事紛紛擾擾地困惑、打擾，那我們是很難完成什麼重要工作的。」
曰：「平者，水停之盛也。其可以為法也，內保之而外不蕩也。德者，成和之修也。德不形者，物不能離也。」
34 A few days passed, Duke Ai met Minzi. Thanks to Confucius’s explanations of the overall talent and the virtue beyond deformity, he told Minzi, “Once I thought I was a competent emperor: I am diligent in governing and love my people; I am worried about people’s life and the state affairs all day. After the day I discussed with Confucius about the signification of overall talent and the virtue beyond deformity and then I knew that I am short of talent and virtue. Before that, I governed my state out of Tao, which caused me to exhaust and made my state messy.
過了幾天，哀公碰到閔子。哀公因感於孔子對才全及德不形的解釋，他對閔子說：「從前我自以為是一位稱職的好皇帝。我勤政愛民，整天為國事，為百姓的生活擔心憂慮。那天我與孔子談才全與德不形的意義後，我才瞭解到自己的才、德俱不足。不依天道而強為之，治國最終是自己筋疲力盡，國家被整得紛擾而混亂。
35 How profound is his wisdom! The relation between me and him is more than that of emperor and minister. Confucius actually is my friend and teacher in practice. The discussion has benefited me a lot.”
孔子的智慧實在太高深了，我與他絕非單純的君臣關係。孔子實在是我修行上的朋友兼老師。那天的一席話，讓我受益匪淺。」
哀公異日以告閔子曰：「始也吾以南面而君天下，執民之紀而憂其死，吾自以為至通矣。今吾聞至人之言，恐吾無其實，輕用吾身而亡其國。吾與孔丘非君臣也，德友而已矣！」