The Human World (2)
人間世（二）
1 Mr. Shen Zhuliang, nicknamed Zigao, was a minister of the state of Chu. Prince of Chu dispatched him to the state of Qi with a diplomatic mission. In the eve of departure, he visited Confucius asking for advice about this mission.
沈諸梁先生，字子高，是楚國的大夫。楚王令沈諸梁出使齊國，臨行前，沈先生特別到孔子那兒去，請教有關使齊的事。
2 He uttered the hardship of the mission to Confucius as soon as talk started.
沈先生一見面就向孔子傾述這回出使齊國的艱難之處。
3 He said, “The mission His Majesty assigned is a heavy and hard responsibility to me. As you know, it is well known how Qi treats missioner. They are courteous outside; however, they adhered firmly to their view, never compromising.
他說：「楚王這次派我出使齊國，實在是責任重大。可是你知道齊國對待使節陽奉陰違是出了名的。他們表面對使節非常客氣禮遇，可是骨子裡卻是堅持己見，從不妥協。
葉公子高將使於齊，問於仲尼曰：「王使諸梁也甚重。齊之待使者，蓋將甚敬而不急。
4 It is usually difficult for us to persuade a man to accept our advice. Now the mission to me is to persuade a king, so obviously it is harder to be done.
平時我們想說動一個人聽從我們的意見，已經是很不容易的事。如今要說動一國之君，那又談何容易啊！
5 I am afraid that I can’t accomplish the mission. You ever told me that everything can hardly be accomplished without abiding by the way of Tao.
我怕這次很難達成楚王交代的任務。孔先生曾經告訴我，事情不論大小，鮮有不依道而能圓滿成功的。
匹夫猶未可動，而況諸侯乎！吾甚慄之。子常語諸梁也曰：‘凡事若小若大，寡不道以懽成。
6 Regarding the coming mission, if it isn’t accomplished, His Majesty is sure to rebuke and punish me; if the job is done, there is no doubt that the great rewards will come to me.
我認為，事情做不成，交辦者必會下令責難、處分; 事若成了則大肆慶祝。
7 A man will definitely be wounded internally if the fear and the happy mood shift so as the Yin Qi and Yang Qi exchange fiercely in his heart.
一會緊張恐懼，一會兒歡樂慶功。 陰陽之氣在心中劇烈地交替更易，人也會有內傷。
8 At this rate, the internal wound makes and mars me no matter the mission is success or not. Now I have to admit that only the man who knows and practices Tao can accomplish the mission and then retreat overall without being hurt.
這樣看來，成也傷，敗也傷。能夠將事情順利完成，同時全身而退者，看來確實是只有懂得道，實踐道的人才有可能了。
事若不成，則必有人道之患﹔事若成，則必有陰陽之患。若成若不成而后無患者，唯有德者能之。
9 I usually live in a less-desire and simple life and my heart always is peaceful, tranquil and sound. Since the morning when I am appointed as the missioner, I have been considering how to overwhelm the hardship to accomplish it. As a result, I have been annoyed and distracted and have to drink cold water to calm myself down at night.
我平日衣食簡單，慾望不高，心總是平靜無波，沉穩而安寧。可是那天清晨上朝得到楚王的任命，回來後心裡就思索著如何克服困難，如何完成任務。 結果弄得心煩舌燥，晚上非得喝些冷水來降低心裡的煩熱。
吾食也執粗而不臧，爨無欲清之人。今吾朝受命而夕飲冰，我其內熱與！
10 Now I still stay in Chu. The mission to Qi makes me disordered, fickle and fluctuated. If I fail in the mission, His Majesty will rebuke and punish me. Thus no matter what are the results, I will inevitably suffer inward and outward. Isn’t it so bad to me?
對於出使齊國的事，我迄今尚未走出國門一步，而內心起伏、憂喜的變化已經在身上造成混亂。如果事情辦不成，回來楚王又會責難， 降罪於我。這樣我內外都惹禍，那不是很糟糕的事嗎？
11 A missioner can’t accomplish the mission assigned to him smoothly. What do you think of it?”
對於做為人臣的不能順利完成任務，孔先生對於此點有什麼樣的看法？」
吾未至乎事之情，而既有陰陽之患矣！事若不成，必有人道之患，是兩也。為人臣者不足以任之，子其有以語我來！」
12 Confucius replied, “There are two credos a man should abide by. One is related to life; the other is related to incumbency.”
孔子說：「人生在世有兩大法則必須信守。其一與命有關; 其一與義有關。
仲尼曰：「天下有大戒二：其一，命也，其一，義也。
13 The one related to life is filial piety which is to love parents, brothers and sisters, and kin. The affection sources from the love of family.
與命有關的是 "孝"。所謂愛親人、愛父母兄弟姊妹等。這是親情產生的情愫，是與命有關。
14 The other related to incumbency is that the minister serves the emperor. As long as we live in our society, the service is inevitable. So we should look on it as a great thing and attach importance to it.
與義有關的是 "臣之事君"。部屬對長官交代的工作盡力去完成。只要我們生活在團體之中，這種事是避免不了，逃避不掉的。所以我們要將之視為大任務，應該予以重視。
15 We mention waiting upon parents. Under any environment we see to it that we make them feel comfortable, which is filial piety.
為此我們說侍奉父母，不論在任何時空下，務必使他們感覺舒暢順心，這就是孝；
16 As for the minister serving the emperor, we should try our best to accomplish everything perfectly, which is loyalty.
臣之事君，我們應該是不論處理任何事，都盡其能力務必使之盡善盡美，這就是忠。
子之愛親，命也，不可解於心﹔臣之事君，義也，無適而非君也，無所逃於天地之間。是之謂大戒。是以夫事其親者，不擇地而安之，孝之至也﹔夫事其君者，不擇事而安之，忠之盛也﹔
17 Those of perfect practice, they work peacefully, attaching no importance on the personal affairs. They are always perfectly calm no matter how difficult the missions that parents or emperor assigned to them. They just putting the personal achievement, honor and disgrace aside, and devote themselves to the mission. No delight for success, no distress for failure. Their whole devotion is for the accomplishment of the mission, which is the so-called "Utmost of Virtue".
修行完備的人，他們處世都在心安理得。對個人的喜怒哀樂與否並不重視。 父母或長官交代的事，不論多麼艱難不易完成，總是心平氣和，置個人榮辱、個人成就感等於度外; 盡心盡力在工作上，成不歡，敗不憂; 一心只在完成使命，這就是 "德之至"。
自事其心者，哀樂不易施乎前，知其不可奈何而安之若命，德之至也。
18 When you handle a business for other, though the business doesn’t come to you by yourself, you take the responsibility for it as soon as you accept it and throw away the consideration of your personal honor, disgrace and benefit. You must go all out to accomplish it. There is no mood and feeling to consider the result of it.
為人家辦事的人，雖然這件工作不是自己找來的，可是一旦責任上身，我就不再考慮個人的利害榮辱，傾力以求任務的達成。哪裡還有閒情逸致去考慮個人因這件事帶來的喜樂或責罰。
19 You might as well feel secure to visit Qi with your mission. Don’t think it too much. Before your departure, I would like to tell you something and wish you could keep it in mind.
你這次銜命使齊就安心地上路吧！不要想太多。在你出發之際，我還是送你一句話，希望你謹記在心。
夫子其行可矣！丘請復以所聞：凡交近則必相靡以信，交遠則必忠之以言。
20 Credit acts important role in the diplomatic relation with neighbor countries. Whatever is your mission, credit is the first. Don’t talk big, because the neighbors know well of each other, and they know who you are. Hence sincerity is the first work in the diplomatic relation. Not trying to play trick with them.
與鄰近的國家交往重在信譽。你過去做過些什麼，信用如何最重要，吹牛不得。因為大家朝夕相處，從小看大，你有幾根毛大家清楚的很，所以與這些國家辦外交要誠誠懇懇，耍不得花招。
21 In association with remote countries, communication is essential. The words of the state chief should be expressed faithfully. Don’t add malicious inflammatory details and don’t misinterpret it.
與遠方的國家交往，則注重溝通。國家元首交代的話要忠實地表達，不可加油添醋，任意曲解。
言必或傳之。夫傳兩喜兩怒之言，天下之難者也。
22 When official hands over his instruction to his missioner, sometimes he will unconsciously add his feeling or mood into the instruction, mixing them on main mission. Carrying out such a mission is very difficult. The instruction with happiness or joy certainly comprises the part of compliment; the one with much gloom and hatred certainly comprises the part of complaint. All of the compliment and complaint beyond the main mission are redundant, and if the missioner transmits those unnecessary supplemental, his credibility will be degraded by others.
長官在交代任務時，其指示中或多或少都添加了他當時個人的喜怒哀樂的情緒，附加在其中心任務之上。像這種工作指示是很難執行的。含有喜樂的工作指示必然摻雜過多的讚美之詞; 含有太多哀怨的工作指示必然摻雜了過多的怨恨之詞。所有這些超出中心任務的美化醜化之詞都是多餘的; 這些話使者傳多了就會降低使者的可信度;
23 If a missioner’s words are doubtful, or he is doubted to has misunderstood the main mission of his boss, then he will be out of luck.
如果一個信差使者的話受到猜疑，懷疑使者妄自曲解君王的意思，那個使者就要倒楣了。
夫兩喜必多溢美之言，兩怒必多溢惡之言。凡溢之類妄，妄則其信之也莫，莫則傳言者殃。
24 Based on it, the ancient exhorted us to transmit the key meaning only, and not to transmit the feeling mixed on it. A good missioner should adhere to this principle.
因為這個緣故，古人才告誡我們傳話時，只傳話的中心意思，不要傳達附在上面的感情，能把握這個簡單的原則就算是一名信使了。
25 Why to stress missioner abstaining from adding his or other’s meaning into the key meaning? In many contests, all agree in the beginning that the contest purpose is for exchanging, viewing and emulation, and contesters behave should be in courtesy way. However, when contesters enter on the stage, they forget all codes and regulations. They scramble each other by hook and crook, by fist and kick.
為什麼我強調使者要克制自己，不要隨便添加個人或其他任何人的意思在中心意思之上呢? 我們看許多競技比賽，一開始大家都講好要點到為止。比賽是技術觀摩、切磋，大家作君子之爭。 可是一上場，選手們求勝心切，什麼規矩都忘光了; 打到後來拳腳相向，陽謀陰謀、明的暗的都上場了。
26 In the party, friends usually toast each other with a small cup of wine. The atmosphere becomes harmonic and affable, which originally is good, but after three rounds of toasting, all drink to red eyes and faces. The toasting comes to fall into forcing other to drink, or becomes the idea to make other drunk. At last, friendship turns into fight and the party becomes the spot where the drunks give their vents.
平日朋友餐聚，大家禮貌性地敬上一小杯酒，宴會氣氛在酒的幫助下變得親切、融洽本是一件好事。可是酒過三巡，大家喝得紅了眼，上了臉，在敬酒上就慢慢地有強迫別人喝以及非把某人灌醉的想法; 結果一場朋友聚會變成角力場，變成借酒裝瘋者情緒發洩的場所。
故法言曰：『傳其常情，無傳其溢言，則幾乎全。』且以巧斗力者，始乎陽，常卒乎陰，泰至則多奇巧﹔以禮飲酒者，始乎治，常卒乎亂，泰至則多奇樂。凡事亦然，始乎諒，常卒乎鄙﹔其作始也簡，其將畢也必巨。
27 The same goes. For a common purpose, people invest and toil to run a business. In the period of no profit, all members go out to work. However, when they make profit, problems come: how to divide the profit and how to divide it fairly. Reasons that used not to be reasons flood out. Enterprise of partner can’t come to a sound end, mainly because cheat and outwitting happen in the dividend sharing.
事情也是這樣，大家為了同一個目標共同出資、打拚。沒有賺錢時，大家兢兢業業地努力工作。一旦開始賺錢，問題就出現了。盈餘應該怎麼分配，怎樣才算公平合理，一大堆不成理由的理由都出籠了。合夥的事業難有善終，其分野許多都在分配上爾虞我詐造成的；
28 If the problems mentioned above are solved and enterprise develops well, new problem will follow. We will find that in a matured company many new goals germinate gradually from the original one which is clear and easy to accomplish. Operation becomes more and more difficult, when an enterprise turns into a jumbo one.
如果這方面的問題克服了，事業上了軌道，我們又會發現當初目標清楚的工作，做到最後出現了許多新的標地; 事業隨著時間發展變的日漸繁雜，成為龐然大物。
29 If we are indiscreet in passing on a message, the content of the message will be changed gradually in the process of passing. In this case, we are not the one passing on words but the one speaking, which is very dangerous to be as a missioner likes that.
我們傳話的人不小心，話在我們身上就會慢慢變質，我們變得不是傳話人，而成為講話的人，這是很危險的。
30 Words are transmitted from A to B by sound waves. Usually people who hear words from others will carry out what the words instructed, in the wake of that the waves become more serious than the one likes wind just passing through and taking place no action to people. Words into actions lead into the results which include success and failure, gain and loss, some benefit and some suffer, which causes disturbance easily. Therefore words are not just waves as wind but have big influence.
話語只是經聲波由甲傳到乙，然而聽了話的人，他要去執行，根據語言去實踐，這就不同了。語言變成行動後就會有成果，就會有成敗，就會有得失; 有人獲益，有人受傷害; 這時話不對就會出亂子，所以話雖只是一股波動，可是其影響是蠻大的。
「言者，風波也﹔行者，實喪也。夫風波易以動，實喪易以危。
31 When a man becomes furious, we wonder why he is so. In most cases, it is because he hears the bias words and malicious inflammatory details, just like a cornered beast, opening mouth, uttering sound of sizzling, wielding his claws, secreting fiercely adrenalin. He is intending to slay someone at that time.
我們看一個人氣憤填胸、怒不可抑，這人為什麼會生氣呢？究其原因，往往都是由於此人聽信了別人加油添醋以及過於偏激的言詞，因此立即變得像一隻被逼到牆角的野獸；裂開嘴，口中發出嘶嘶尖銳凶狠的聲音，張牙舞爪，腎上腺素急速猛烈地分泌，此時他心中唯一想到的就是用什麼方法去置人於死地。
故忿設無由，巧言偏辭。獸死不擇音，氣息茀然，於是並生厲心。
32 In communication, when a man who is cornering by other’s bully words, he may do evil by all means too. At that time people may even don’t know why he does so. The blundering missioner doing communication like above will certainly bring misfortune to himself as well.
所以與人溝通，講話顯得逼人太甚，將人逼得走投無路; 狗急跳牆時什麼壞主意都會出籠。屆時自己還弄不清楚對方為什麼會出此下策。這種糊塗使者哪有不給自己帶來災難的。
剋核太至，則必有不肖之心應之，而不知其然也。苟為不知其然也，孰知其所終！
33 Hence the ancient exhorted us to be a missioner we should do thing without changing instruction and promoting it by ourselves. Namely, missioner should not change facilely the instruction, order, information and event that official issued, he should not try to complete the mission by his own way. All those motives are bad. The bottom line is that what a good missioner should do is to transmit the instruction clearly, no more no less.
為此，古人教導我們無遷令，無勸成。就是告訴使臣不要輕易地更改主官交代的命令、指示，事情、訊息; 只求清楚明確地傳遞，不要自作主張加油添醋，甚至自己跳下去設法將事情完成，這都會壞事的。
故法言曰：『無遷令，無勸成。過度益也。』遷令勸成殆事。
34 A really fine thing emerges only through long time cultivation. A thing is done in hurry must lack a lot of considerations. Therefore, a thing is done in a hurry is usually not a successful one which should be prudent in.
一件真正美好的事都是經過時間考驗，經過時間洗鍊而促成的。匆匆忙忙急就章下的事，缺憾不周之處必多。所以事情是急不來的，不可不慎。
美成在久，惡成不及改，可不慎與！
35 As a subordinate, we must accept the order from our supervisor. The importance is that we treat it in peaceful mind. Do as the supervisor ordered. Not happy when in power and not distressed when out of the office.
做為人臣接受命令為主辦事，這是沒有辦法的事，重要的是我們應以平常心待之。老闆怎麼交代我們就怎麼做，上台不喜，下台不憂，成之不樂，敗亦不怨; 只是按著事情的自然發展完成任務。
36 Two armies meet and fight against each other for their own countries. No personal feeling is added. We keep forever tranquil, sound and peaceful mind, shielding from outer disturbance, which is called a good missioner.
兩軍相接，各為其主。不加入個人的感情在其中，我們自己永遠保持一顆沉穩安寧祥和的心，不為外務所動，能夠這樣就算是一名信使了！
37 Mr. Shen! Forget the rewards and devote yourself to the mission. I know it is difficult not to count personal loss and gain, but it is the goal that you should pursue.”
不要將報償放在心上，只是盡心完成任務而已。這種不計個人得失的胸懷是很困難的，可也是你沈先生要努力的目標。」
且夫乘物以游心，託不得已以養中，至矣。何作為報也！莫若為致命，此其難者。」