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AFNM.....Agua Fria National Monument
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BCC...Black Canyon City
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Black Mesa...Located at south end of monument, see BLM map.
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CCF...Chalk Canyon Formation
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Ga... equals giga or 1X10(9), a billion years.
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HF....Hickey Formation
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My...Millions of years
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TERTIARY Period = 65My to 1.64My
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PROTEROZOIC Era = 2500 My to 544My
Some Basic Definitions;
By definition, ashes and tuffs are pyroclastic deposits with an average grainsize of 2 mm
or less. They are deposited by pyroclastic processes and are not reworked
or redeposited by epiclastic processes, in which case they would be
tuffaceous sediments. When we use the term "air fall tuff" we mean the lithification
of pumice fall pyroclastic material.
GPS Measurement techniques;
All Latitude, Longitude, Elevation and Angle readings were taked with a Garmin
etrex "Summit" GPS receiver. The lat/long accuracy is less than 15 meters (49ft)RMS.
The Elevation readings were taken with the "Summit" built in barametric
altimeter with an accuracy of +/-10 feet (in near perfect weather). NOTE; Regular
GPS elevation readings are not accurate enough. All angle readings were made with the
built in Compass (+/- 5deg.). Note: the latter two GPS information bases are not accurate
enought to use on this web site.
The GPS North Reference (for angle readings) was set to "True North"...~same as Grid North.
The pictures were taken with a Kodak DX3500 Digital Camera.