sfln~rf]s– hLjgsf] k'Ug}kg]{ uGtJo

k|fs[lts, wfld{s Pj+ ko{6sLo b[li6sf]0fn] ljlzi6 dxTj /fVg] g]kfnsf clt sd :yfgx? dWo]sf] Ps xf]– sfln~rf]s eujtL dlGb/ . dWodf~rn ljsf;If]q cGtu{t kg]{ of] tLy{:yn bf]nvf lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfd rl/sf]6b]lv ;q lsnf]ld6/ pQ/–klZrddf sl/a #()) ld6/sf] prfOdf cjl:yt 5 . ;fdfGo lx+8fOdf lhNnf ;b/d'sfd rl/sf]6b]lv ^.& 306fsf] k}bn ofqf kZrft k'lug] sfln~rf]s eujtLsf] dlGb/df ofqf cjlwe/ ysfO / tgfjsf] n]z dfq klg cg'ej x'Fb}g . a? ckFj{ cfgGb / c;Ld ;Gt'li6sf] lbJo cg'eFlt x'G5 . dgf]/d k|fs[lts b[io, xl/ofnLkF0f{ jftfj/0f, pRr k|b]zLo jg:kltx?, jgkmnx?sf] ;f}Gbo{, ;'jf; / dfbstf, kG5Lx?sf] sn/j, jGo hLjhGt'x?sf] p5ns'b / gfuj]nL kj{tLo dfu{x?n] ofqfdf Ps leGg lsl;dsf] /f]rstf / gjLtf ;[hgf ub{5g\ . To;dfly sfln~rf]s ofqf cleofgdf ;lDdlnt ;xofqLx?sf] k/:k/sf] xf;–kl/xf;, dgf]ljgf]b / jftf{n] t ofqfnfO{ emg} /f]df~rs / s't'xn t'NofpF5 .

sfln~rf]ssf] ofqf dfu{ c;xh / s7Lg 5}g, g t of] lg/z / k6\of/nfUbf] g} 5 . ofqf dfu{sf] 7fpF 7fpFdf /x]sf k|fs[t la;f}gLx?n] dgUo k|fs[lts /;:jfbg u/fpFb} ;'bF/ ofqfsf] nflu phf{ / ult k|bfg ub{5g\ . cfWoflTds cf:yfsf] w/f]x/ / k|tLs sfln~rf]s eujtLsf] cg'u|x / k|]/0ffn] kfOnfx? clj/fd cl3 a9\g pT;flxt eO/xG5g\ . Pp6f cgf}7f] efj x[bodf nuftf/ ;Dk|]if0f eO/xG5 . cflb:j?kf, cflbzlQm, huthggL eujtLsf] r/0f :kz{ ug{ dg cfGbf]lnt / cwL/ x'G5 . ;3g jg k|b]zdf :jR5GbtfkFj{s ljr/0f ub}{, ;'/Do k|s[ltsf] cjnf]sg–lg/LIf0f ub}{, dL7f] sNkgfdf 8'a'NsL dfb}{, cJoQm efjgfdf /dfpFb}, cfkmFleq cfWoflTds cf:yfsf] bLk k|Hjlnt ub}{ uGtJosf] vf]hLdf pT;'s eO/xG5g\–gogx? .

d+un ofqfnfO{ ult k|bfg ub}{ h;} kfOnfx? k|fs[t s'/L ;d:ynLdf ;':tfpg k'Ub5g\, :juL{o ;'v zflGtsf] lbJo cg'eFlt;+u} ofqLx? cfkmFnfO{ wGo–wGo 7fGb5g\ . hLjg To;}–To;} cfkm}k|lt s[t1 x'G5 . nfU5, :ju{sf] k[YjLdf cjtl/t s'g} dgf]/d 6's|f xf] s'/L, hxfF dfG5] Psbd} lgbf]{if x'G5, Psbd} lgikfk . efjgfx? cfkm;]cfkm kljq x'G5g\ u+ufhn h:t} . ToxfFsf emfЄ–emf8L / kf]y|f–kf\]y|Ldf efjfj]zdf x/fpFg dg nfU5 k+IfL h:t} . dvdnL sflng?kL b'jf]x?df n8La'8L v]Ng] OR5f x'G5 caf]w afns h:t} eP/ . lr;f] lxdfnL ;dL/sf] :kz{n] Ps lsl;dsf] pQ]hgf k}bf u5{ z/L/el/ . ;a bf]ifx? dgf]ljsf/x? tTIf0f} gfz ePh:tf] nfUb5 .

ha ofqL s'/Laf;L;+usf] k|ToIf ;Dks{df cfpF5, tL ef]nfefnf k|f0fLx?sf] lzi6frf/ / cfltYon] ofqL dg ub\ub\ x'G5 . s'g} x/fPsf] afns 3/ kmls{+bfsf] h:tf], s'g} cnEo j:t' kfpFbfsf] h:tf] ;'vb cg'eFlt x'G5 . s'/Lsf] cf€gf] Pp6f cnu ;+;f/leq ToxfFsf afl;Gbfx?sf] ;fldKotfdf, ;+ultdf /xFbf a:bf, ltgLx?sf] k|j[lt, Jojxf/ / kgnfO{ cfkmFdf cfTd;ft ubf{, ltgLx?sf] :jefljstf / k|fs[tkgnfO{ sl/aaf6 lgofNbf o:tf] nfU5 dfG5] x'g'sf] jf:tljs klxrfg t ltgLx?;+u kf] 5 . hLjgsf] caf]wuDotf / ;';'lKtdf cxf ! Sof cfgGb / ;'v 5, Sof d:tL / dhf 5, Tof] k|fs[t hLjgdf Sof ld7f; / efj 5 .

s'/Lsf] Tof] cjl:ylt, Tof] kl/j]z / Tof] ck|ltd ?k;+u Psfsf/ eO/x'F h:tf] nfU5 ;w}+el/ . ;fFlRr ofqLn] ;f+;fl/s hLjgsf tfkx?b]lv /fxt dx;'; u5{, ef}lts hLjgsf sfo{Jo:ttf / efubf}8x?b]lv k'gtf{huL . nfU5, hLjgsf b'Mv Sn]zx?af6 d'lQm lbnfO{ zflGt / ;Gtf]ifsf] k|TofeFlt lbnfpg] +pko'Qm lj>flGt–:yn xf] s'/L . wGo s'/L ! hxf hLjg Psbd} ;xh nfU5, Psbd} ;'Gb/ . hxfFsf Ps Ps rLh–j:t'x? kfjg 5g\ . dfG5] lgZ5n, lgisk6 . ToxfF l/;, /fu, е]if, O{iof{, 5n5fd, hfnem]n, km/]j, k|k~r, av]8f h:tf cdfG5] :jefj / k|j[lt s]xL 5}g . g ToxfF hLjg afFRg'sf] c:j:y k|lt:kwf{ 5, g kmf];|f] dxTjfsf+Iffsf] ct[lKt / a]r}gLsf] kL+8f . lg:jfy{ k|s[ltsf] k|efj / k|]/0ffdf ToxfF hLjg ;fFlRrs} hLjgdo k|tLt x'G5, dg'io dg'ioTjn] cf]tk|f]t . ToxfF hLjg kmnsf] sf]lknf ag]/ kms|G5 / ;f}Gbo{–;'jf; 5/]/ db{5 . ToxfF dfG5] k|s[ltsf] ;'/, tfn / nodf hLjg afFRb5 . ToxfF x/avt k|s[ltn] pRr sIffsf] 1fg k|bfg ub{5 .

hLjg / hutsf] oyfy{ af]w u/fpg] clеQLo s'/Lb]lv Ps 306fsf] psfnf] 3'dfp/f] af6f]sf] dGb lxF8fO kl5 k'lug] sfln~rf]s eujtLsf] dlGb/ v'Nnf df};ddf s'/Laf6 :ki6 b[iodfg x'G5 . cfsfznfO{ cf€gf] kf]N6fdf v]nfP/ r'ld/x]h:tf] efg x'g] pRr lu/Lsf] prfOsf] clGtd ljGb'df cjl:yt eujtLsf] dlGb/ O{Zj/Lo cl:tTjsf] ;Unf] k|df0f h:tf] nfUb5 . / Tof] kfjg e"lddf l56f] eGbf l56f] k'Ug] t8k / Jou|tf k|To]s tLy{ofqLdf x'G5 .

s'/Laf6 ;Nnfsf kf]y|fkf]y|L / cGo n]sfnL xf]rf, k'8\sf hftsf jg:kltx?sf] ;3gtfnfO{ lrb}{, l5rf]Nb}, gfuj]nL h:tf] af6f]df 3'Db}, l/Є\b}, lxpFsf y'k|fy'k|Lx?;+u v]Nb} lhl:s+b}, tn w]/} tn tn;Dd b[li6n] ;dfpGh]n k|s[ltsf] ljljwtfnfO{ emfFSb}, :jR5 lxd>[+vnfx?nfO{ cfFvf tb}{ kQ} gkfO k'luG5 sfln~rf]s eujtL wfdsf] Psbd} sl/adf . dlGb/ k'Ug'k"j{ kfFr ldg]6 afFsL dfu{sf] r§flgnf], cf]l;nf] efudf eLif0f cFWof/f], sfnf] /;ftntkm{ pGd'v k|fs[t ;'?Є /x]sf] 5 . o;;+u k|rlnt ljleGg sxfjt / hg>'lt 5g\ . xf], To;} 7fpFaf6 yf]/} plSnPkl5 ;dfgfGt/df /x]sf sl/a p:t} prfOsf b'O{ r'nLdWo] afofF r'nLsf] d'Vo prfOeGbf s]xL tn wfld{s / k'/ftflTjs dxTj af]s]sf] Pp6f lgh{g, la/fg / z"Go kf6L /x]sf] 5 . h'g s]xL xbdf snfTds klg 5 . kf6Lsf] b'j} lbzftkm{af6 kfFr ldg]6sf] r9fOkl5 kxf8sf] lzv/df k'luG5 . ToxfF k'Ubfsf] cg'e"ltsf] avfg zAbdf ;d]l6g, cleJoQm x'g ;Sb}g .

dfG5] ;dfh, dfG5] ;+ultaf6 PlSnP/ ;'/Do k|s[ltsf] P]sflGtstfdf cfkm}nfO{ x/fpFbf s:tf] cg'e"lt x'G5 < df]xs k|fs[lts 56fx?n] dfG5] PsfGttfsf] cj;/ kf/L dfG5] efjgf / ;+j]bgfdf s't\s'tL nufpFbf s:tf] x'G5 < lgZro g} dfG5] PsfPs uDeL/, efj's x'G5 . dfG5] leqsf] sljTj h'd'{/fpF5 . ;f}Gbo{af]w / ;f}Gbo{ r]tn] dfG5] clee"t x'G5 . dfG5] dfG5] /xFb}g . sljtfsf k+lQm / efjx?df ?kfGtl/t x'G5 .

;Tod\, lzjd\ ;'Gb/d\sf] lbJo cg'e"lt u/fpg] Tof] :juL{o ynf]af6 h;} gogx? zlQmkL7tkm{ cfslif{t x'G5g\ / kfOnfx? tbcg'?k lgb]{lzt, cfWoflTds efjgfn] x[bo 8fjf8f]n h:t} x'G5 . eujtLsf] bz{gfy{ dg cft'/ x'G5 . cfWoflTds Kof; emg\ emg\ a9\g yfN5 / o:t}df cfOk'luG5 pRr lz/z}nnfO{ hf]8\g] l;+9Lo'Qm kmnfd] k'ndf . tn 8/nfUbf] vfO, 5f+uf] x'G5 dg} l;l/Є\Uofpg] . ;fjwfgL / ;+odsf ;fy k'n kf/ ul/;s]kl5 cfOk'luG5–rL/ k|tLlIft sfln~rf]s eujtLsf] dlGb/ kl/;/df .

Tof] l;4 e"ld;+u :kz{ x'g] lalQs} ;jf{Є\udf Ps ljB'tLo em6\sf h:t} dx;'; x'G5 . x[bo pе]lnt, czfGt h:t} x'G5 . o:t}df xftx? :jefljs, ;Ddf]lxt h:t} ahfpg k'U5g\ z"Go lIflthdf em'l08/x]sf leGg leGg cfs[ltsf 306x? . PsfPs Tof] zfGt dfxf}ndf ;+uLtdo WjgL t/+lut x'G5 . hut hggL eujtLsf] dw'/ s07af6 pTkGg :j/ nx/L ;j{q k|ltWjlgt eP h:t} nfUb5 . 306x?sf] cf;kf; lqz"nsf ;fgf 7Fnf cgluGtL y'k|fx? b]lvG5g\ . tL y'k|fx?af6 Tof] PsfGt tLy{:yndf cfpg] >4fn' eQmhgx?sf], kbofqLx?sf] cfFs8f cg'dfg nufpg ;lsG5 . lqz"n zlQm / Gofosf] k|tLs xf] / eujtLsf] dglk|o c:q klg . o;}n] oxfF cfpg] >4fn' eQmhgx?n] ;–>4f b]jLnfO{ lqz"n e]6 ub{5g\ / cfkm"nfO{ efUozfnL ;DemG5g\ . tTkZrft\ eQmhgx? cf;Ggsf] s'08df bz{gfy{ hfG5g\ .

sl/a #()) ld6/sf] prfOdf cjl:yt of] s'08 cfkm}df pT;'stf / /x:osf] kof{osf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . jf:tjdf sfln~rf]s eujtLsf] d'Vo kL7 klg oxL s'08 g} xf] . s'08sf] cunaundf eujtLsf] k|tLs :j?ksf ;–;fgf d"lt{x? v'Nnf cfsfzd'lg k|lt:yflkt 5g\ eg]] s'08sf] sl/ad} eujtLsf] ;fgf] dlGb/ klg cjl:yt 5 . b'Mvk"0f{ s'/f olt k|l;4, rlr{t tLy{:yn eP/ klg xfn oxfF :yfoL k'hf/L / lgoldt k"hfcfhfsf] Joj:yf 5}g . x'g;S5 o;df dlGb/sf] cjl:ylt / df};dsf] k|lts"ntf g} d'Vo sf/0f xf]nf . eujtL dlGb/ kl/;/sf] kl/s|df, :yflkt b]j–b]jLsf d"lt{x?sf] k"hf–cr{gf, eujtLsf] d"n:j?ksf] ?kdf /x]sf] s'08sf] >4f k"hf kZrft\ sfln~rf]s eujtLsf] bz{gsf] dgf]sf+Iff k"0f{ x'G5 . hLjgn] ;'v / ;Gtf]ifsf] cg'e"lt u5{ . dfG5] x'g'sf] stf stf dlxdfaf]w x'G5 .

cfWoflTds cf:yf s]Gb|, ;[li6sf] cd"No j/bfg, ;t\, lrt, cfgGbsf] :j?k sfln~rf]s eujtLsf] kljqwfdaf6 kms{g' k"j{ km"n, 6Lsf, hn k|;fb cflbsf] ;+u|x u/L Tof] pRr lzv/af6 c3fpGhL lxdb[iox?sf] kxf8L k|s[ltsf] cjnf]sg ug{ dg nf]n'k x'G5 . s] yfxf hLjgdf km]l/ o:tf] ;+of]u, cj;/ h'6\5 h'6\b}g . o:tf] cxf]efUo gl;a x'G5, x'Fb}g .

lxdfnL xfjfsf] k|ToIf :kz{n] z/L/ xn'sf, rЄ\uf h:t} x'G5 . Tof] k'0oe"lddf hLjgsf ;a} lhhLljiffx?af6, ef}lts sfdgf / cfzlQmx?af6 l/lQP/ cfWoflTds lrGtgdf 8'lj/x"F, eujTk|flKtsf] dfu{df cu|;/ eO/x"F, k/dfTdfdf nLg eO/xFF" h:tf] nfU5 . sfln~rf]s eujtLsf] dlGb/df bz{gfyL{ tLyf{n' eQmhgx?sf] ;fy;fy} ljleGg ;+:sf/ / cg'i7fgsf] p2]Zon] cfpg]x? klg k|z:t} x'G5g\ . Tof] kfjg eF"lddf r/0f :kz{ x'gf;fy cfTdLs ;'vsf] cg'e"lt x'G5 . hLjgsf ;a dgf]sf+Iffx? tTIf0f} k"0f{ ePh:tf] efg x'G5 . hLjgdf cfWoflTds cf:yfsf] cv08 bLk k|Hjlnt x'G5 .

sfln~rf]s eujtL dlGb/ cjl:yt r'nLaf6 To;s} ;fd'Gg]df csf]{ Pp6f r'nL b]lvG5–nueu ;dfg h:t} prfO{+sf] . sfln~rf]saf6 x]bf{ Tof] r'nLsf] k[i7 efu la:tf/} klx/f] hfFb} u/]sf] b[io b]lvG5 . xf], sfln~rf]s eujtL klxn] To;} r'nLdf lgjf; uly{g\ /] . klx/f] hfFb} u/]sf] sf/0f ;'/lIft cf>o / eQmhgx?sf] ;'ljwfy{ xfnsf] lzv/df ;/]sL x'g\ /] Ы o:tf] hg>'lt / ljZjf; 5 .

lhNnf ;b/d'sfd rl/sf]6b]lv sfln~rf]]ssf] cfwf/ lzlj/ s'/L;Ddsf] ofqf dfu{df dfq b'O{ dfgj a:tL e]l6G5g\ . rl/sf]6b]lv Ps 306fsf] psfnf] ofqf kZrft\ cfpg] b]p/fnL ahf/ / To;sf] b'O{ 306fsf] psfnf] kl5 cfpg] u}/L . b]p/fnL Hofb} dgf]/d 5 . of] 7fpF ofqLx?sf] vfhf–gf:tfsf] nflu pko'Qm / ;'ljwfhgs 5 . oxfFsf] kfgL Hofb} :jflbnf] 5– slxNo} gla;f{pg] . oxL+af6 afFsL ofqfsf] nflu cfjZos vfg]s'/f / kfgL nUg ;lsG5 . u}/L kftnf] a:tL 5 . o;nfO{ a:tL klg gegf}+ dfq b'O{ rf/ 3/ k;nsf] ;+Vof . oxfF klg ofqLx?sf] nflu Go"gtd vfg]s'/fsf] Jofkf/ / Joj:yf x'G5 . oxfF rf}+/Lsf] b"waf6 lgld{t 5'kL{ pknAw x'G5 . lj>fdsf] nflu oxfF 9'+ufsf] /fd|f] lj>fd :yn ag]sf] 5 .

ofqf dfUf{df kg]{ cGo dxTjk"0f{ :yfgx?df nf6Lrf}/, wd{еf/ / u0f]zy'DsL x'g\ . nf6Lrf}/sf] cf;kf; nf]Stfsf] /fd|f] ;DefJotf 5 . oxfF nf]StfhGo jg:kltx? k|r'/ dfqfdf e]l6G5g\ . ofqf dfu{sf] csf]{ cfsif{0f, cf€g} klxrfg af]s]sf] :yfg wd{еf/ xf] . Psbd} ;fFu'/f] psfnf] af6f]sf] b'j}tkm{ ;dfgfGt/df /x]sf ljzfn b'O{ zLnfsf] gfdaf6 o; :yfgsf] gfdfs/0f wd{еf/ ul/Psf] xf] . oL b'O{ kTy/sf] l:ylt 9f]sfsf] ?kdf 5 . sfln~rf]s eujtL h:tf] kljq wfdsf] ofqf dfu{df /x]sf] sf/0f klg o;sf] gfd wd{еf/ /x]sf] x'g ;Sg] ts{ hf] sf]xLn] klg ;xh} sf6\g ;S5 . ofqf s|ddf rl/sf]6b]lvsf] cljl5Gg psfnf]kl5 sfln~rf]s eujtL dlGb/sf] cfwf/ lzlj/ s'/L / sfln~rf]s eujtLs} Ps ;fy b[io–bz{g x'g] u0f]zy'DsL oxfFsf] d'Vo k|j]z gfsf xf] . y'DsL h:tf] :yfgdf eujfg u0f]zsf] d"lt{ /x]sf] sf/0faf6 o;sf] gfd u0f]zy'DsL /x]sf] xf] . oxfF eujfg u0]fzsf ;–;fgf s]xL d"lt{sf ;fy} ltgdf r9fOPsf lqzFnx? oq tq 5/k:6 b]Vg ;lsG5 . oxfF cfOk'Ubf sfln~rf]s eujtLsf] nflu k|yd r/0fsf] psfnf] klg ;lsG5 .

hf8f] / jiff{sf dlxgfx? cg's"n g/xg] sfln~rf]s ofqfsf nflu z]if dlxgfx? ofqf k|of]hgdf cfpg ;Sb5g\ . / klg sfln~rf]ssf] nflu ;a}eGbf pko'Qm / cg'sFn ;do bz}+ ltxf/sf] cf;kf; g} xf] . o:t} jif{sf clGtd b'O{ dlxgf / z'?sf b'O{ dlxgfdf klg sfln~rf]ssf] lglj{Јg ofqf ug{ ;lsG5 . a9L prfOdf k'Ug' kg]{ / jghЄ\unsf] ofqf ug'{kg]{ sf/0fn] n]s nfUg] ;Defjgf klg k|jn x'G5 . sfln~rf]ssf] cfwf/ lzlj/ s'/Ldf ofqLx?sf] /fqL af;sf] kof{Kt Joj:yf gePsf]]n] To;sf] ;d'lrt Joj:yf ofqLaf6 eP ofqf cem ;'ljwfhgs / cf/fdbfoL x'G5 . pk/f]Qm ;Gbe{df sfln~rf]s ofqLn] cf€gf] ;fydf ;fdfGo vfnsf cf}ifwLx?, l:nlkЄ Aofu, kfgL, tof/L vfg]s'/f, Gofgf afSnf sk8f, k]g 8fo/L, jiff{bL, skmL, yd{;, l;of] wfuf], k]k/ Kn]6, kmnkm"n, Sofd/f, 6r{nfO6, b"/ljg cflb / oL afx]s k|fs[lts cj:yfsf] kl/jt{gn] cfOkg]{ /f]usf] k|f/lDes pkrf/sf nflu l6d'/, n;'g tyf a];g h:tf rLhx? n}hfg' cfjZos h:t} x'G5 .

;fFlRr g} sfln~rf]s hLjgsf] k'Ug} kg]{ uGtJo xf] . sfln~rf]s hLjg ljxf/sf] pko'Qm ynf] xf] . sfln~rf]s k|s[lt cWoog ug]{ pRr sf]6Lsf] kf7zfnf xf] . sfln~rf]s wd{ / cWofTdsf] ;|f]t s]Gb| xf] .

t/ ckm;f]r ljljw b[li6sf]0fn] olt w]/} dxTj af]s]sf] ul/dfdo sfln~rf]ssf] ;'Joj:yf, cfsif{0fsf] nflu, o;sf] ;du| ljsf;sf nflu ;/sf/L kIfaf6 s'g} rf;f] k'u]sf] b]lv+b}g . To:tf] s'g} 7f]; sfo{ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ljsf;sf] gfddf :yfgLo lgsfosf] cu|;/tfdf rl/sf]6 b]p/fnL df]6/ af6f] vg]sf] b]lvG5 . o:t} csf]{ ;sf/fTds k|of;sf] ?kdf g]= lj= k|f=sf ljB'tLo kf]nx? ofqf dfu{df 7l8Psf b]lvG5g\ . Tof] afx]s c? s'g} ;fy{s k|of; s'g} kIfaf6 x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . k|fs[t s'/L sfln~rf]s If]qnfO{ ko{6sLo If]qsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{ ;Sg] y'k|} ;DefJotfx? oxfF cWoog ug{ ;lsG5 . o:tf] ePdf ko{6g pBf]un] oxfF kmNg] k'mNg] /fd|f] cj;/ k|fKt ug]{ lyof] . t/ b'ef{Uo Ы o; tkm{ ;a} kIf df}g 5g\ . obfsbf sfln~rf]s ;Ddsf] s]j'nsf/ ;]jf ;~rfngsf] s'/f rrf{df cfPtf klg To;tkm{ s'g} ;ls|o kxn eO/x]sf] b]lv+b}g . o:tf] l:yltdf sfln~rf]s If]qsf] pTyfgsf nflu ;Da4 ;a} kIfsf] k|of; x'g' jf~5gLo x'b}g / <