"There were a few small salmon canneries along the Columbia River before Chinese came to Portland...These canneries...failed because the laborers did not like the work...The large canneries were all started and have always been manned largely with Chinese laborers... until after the middle of the eighties, when the Chinese-exclusion Act brought to an end the influx of Chinese Coolie laborers."

The Immigrant Commision 1910 Vol 8, Chapt II p 389