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뾫Ӣƽȡա

йġ˰Ƹ·䡡

ѾΪ˽Ĺߡ

¸ڹ֮

ְ

ڶǽΣһ֮ʡ

֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡
й½һԵʼݵ־ּڴƵ
ǰ½Ϣѹơӭκֶνзҵƺʹ
Ըṩţַǣģ
磮ǽÿڵ־Щַ־ʲô
ͽ飬ҲַͬʱϣͶƼģ
磮־ĵַܱ仯֡

  ֡лзҵƺʹ

עΪ˽Լǲıʽñ༭кĶ
֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡



뾫Ӣƽȡ

աġ


һЩʼӷ⡣ʵڡȫ򻯡
гøĸУҲˡȫԵĻ⣬ת塱
ܵעһдԵΪΪһš
ļ˼ʵΪȺ֮Ӧ֮֮Ȩ壻
ԵġԶ˳ġͳ ƶȺá һֽϻ
ΪӡһĺԣȴΪ塱
ļˣӦԾӢǵʵִ뾫Ӣˡ²
ϲЭš

ЩĹͬڣΪԡ桱
ǿžӢϡȨλȫ̷¼
ڷ伫˲֮һͬǴӡ塱һ
˵ӡһʵǷ׼ȷ Ӣ ԭʶԡ
ΪʸӦΪ塱ƽ塱һϿƺǺ
ų⾫ӢȨġ

ʷʵȻʷϵʵȨ
˵Ǽ˵Ȩߡǲݲ÷ɣݲáԹߡ
ɵоԣ˭һ˭Ƿǣ˭ǣ˭
ǵĵˣԵ˾Ӧһֶμ𡣡
ؿǷ˵˵һλʲôиǿȴ
ǰҸ

һ棬ҲԾӢ壬Ǽ˵ľӢ
ߡɵġӢۼԦȺåۣӢ۴ʷӢ
壬޹ؽҪġֻ֪֪ģ¡Ⱥå

Ȼиҵ硰񡱡ǿĴʾ䡣
ôЩЩӢ塢ȨͳһأǷ
һΪһΪΡһΪ滰һֻ˵˵ѣ

Ȼǣʵ˵ƽ߻Ӣߣ˵
ߣ˵ǺƽӢ幹ɶ˵
֡塱ɶǵƽ뾫Ӣ򣬡
רһϵõͳһġ

߳ݡⲻ٣ǳݵΪһġ
񡱣ɡ񡱵һġˡȴһּΪӵ̬ȣ
ˡͶ߼νƽ񡱣֪ʶӼνӢ
ȱľǹ˻ȨĹɿһ
ˡֻΪġ񡱵Ĺߣǰںǰ΢ֻҪߵ
桱ҪӦԥǰؿ־

ͬ߳ݡӢۡ
Ӣ߽ۡȻͬĿеġӢֻۡǹͬ˸
־ĴˡһҪһũҪڴũ幫ԵġӢ
ۡһǿ塱С֪ʶҪݵ塰񡱽¡ƽ
塱롰Ӣ塱ݡʶ˶ԡڡĸ
Ӣ۶ԡȺåԽȫںΪһġ

ȻԡӢ塱Ȩԣƽ⣩ƽ
塱壬塣ϡ
Ƶȱݲá˶ֲһΪ⡰
ַ˵ĹȨγɶȷÿ
ڶֻǶһˣлȨԭЩȨ
Ȳܱǡ塱ᣬȻܱ˰ᡣ

ͨ׵˵ǣΪֻҪһ¾ܰ
˵ĲƲ־뷨ĺԶ׼ġΪ˾
ܵһȨ˵ĲƲʵϣġ
ǡǡԴ屾߼ƳȻ˵ľȨ
ˣĩΪ˹ͬ־֮˱԰ˣͬ
ʱҲͬɰеκһ仰˵ҲһȨ
ˡȻҪΣգȲǿȨҲǿ
Ȩֻǿÿһ˵ĻȨַ

гøĸУһȸʵʺǳÿ
г׷Ȩܾʵֻһ
ΪӮҵõ˸棬ֻҪûַ˵ĺϷȨͲԡ
塱壨ԡͬԣ壩ǡ

ȻζֻⲿˣǡӢȨ
ᡣǡǡ෴ȨӦǸÿģ
ȨᲢȡĽһ⡣ũ
һȸʵΪ¸زֻˡһˡ
ǻƽطָȫԱ

һ˸ĸġԡԡǾԡ
Ӣ塱ȡ͵ġȻڵȷһֿǵĹ۵㣬Է
Ϊ𺦸ĸԣȸֻ¸ĻȨ


ĸȷӦƳƳַ
ȨַӢȨ뷨Ϊ
޵ģƳͷ塱ʵһһĹֻ̡
ֹԡһԭʼ֮ۡ𺦸ĸ﹫ԵĹͷ
򣬲ЧųΪַȨΣա

ǿΣҪתڣ²
ָתͷʽǲΣյҪͷ
תڲҪ֡ԡΪǿ߶ڵġΪĵ
˹ƽĸʱڣŷչΪһ󳱣ճ˹ƽƣ
ʹ嶼һƵѳƷʰά
Ȩʱ塱ġɫҲ˹Ϊŵһ
񳱣ʹȨ˰άᡣ

෴תͷʽ߼ʷһֱ
ȲΪġĻŷжͬҲΪȱ
پ˵ġ硱ֳػҲྭ
ҴŷġֱĦŽͽ֡硱ʵδֹͣ
Ϊûŷַ⽨ȼŲҵйͷ
ŤǸŹƽġƽ
ġݿģʽҲǸӣڶŷɴͳҶԼת
Сת̵ĹֹĲǸҪԭ

֮ͷ忴෴ʵ˳ת;͵ǣ
Ҫ壬 ܲ Ҫͷ壬ܶɱӢڡ
Ӣڸ빫ȨӦƽȡھγ
ĲӦƽȡƽȵĹԭµõϩȻһ
ԭֻǶ̬ġ˭ҲԷĻġӢ˭
ҲԷĻġڡһ







йġ˰Ƹ·䡡




ԴйĸսԣƷս㣬ʣȻƸ
ԽԽƽһЩһҹ֮䱩һЩһƶϴѡһ
Щ˲Ϊ۹Ϊᴴ˲ƸǶвƸѰ
⣨rent-seekingĽһЩҲѵ˲Ϊûй
Ϊûоҵᡣ

ìܣһ˵˰ƶȽеڶη
߶ཻ˰ƶٽ˰õĲȻй˰ƶھ
øĸת͹вûáԽǮ˷ͨǮͨ
˰˰ƶȵĵڶηòʹƽķùƽһЩ
ʹƸøƽ

йɵģܰ첻£ԶȥС
Ҫ棬ƶҪԣڷ˰ƲȫûȨйᣬȻ
֮佻˰

ҾһЩǡ˰ӣԱ̰ͨˡϰ˰
ĸ￪븻̣ԱĹʲûжߣ
ԱײϸݣǷ׷еȨϰȡ¸ƽ
Լײ䡣

йκ鶼ҪǮùϵͨؽڣÿһؽڶһ˰
ĹؿΪÿһжһãռĳλãĳֿ
˵Ȩ˶˰Ŀܡͳҽ
˰ҽ֧ҽԺ֮Ķʦѧ˰
˾˰ﷸͱ˰Ŵ˰
·ס·˰˵ȵȡЩûа취ģͨ͵
ƭ˰档ڵйǵ𣬶Ĳɷ磬αء
ǡž·жǡ

ؼ̽ףﳤɳ죬µļﱻӡ
ʵ缸ǵĸ׵汻˴ӷߣѼҲ⣬㡢⣬
һѹҲ͵⡣ȥϵĹɳʱк
һ¼ȫ͵͵Ѽ͵֮ı

һһ֡˰ĹУһֲƸ
·У佻׳ɱߣйƶιι䷽







ѾΪ˽Ĺߡ




ԣ꿪ݡϵȵس˳̶Ȳͬ
֧Σ绹תΪΣֻȡûд
ڵĶڴԸ棬ڵĶڴǰ֧ȡҳ
Ƴ޶֧ȡʩǻڡڴÿÿֻ֧ȡ
ԪȽĴ޶֧ȡҲ޷֤
Ŷһ죬ȴȡһǮ²ִʾֻҪᵽУҪ
Ϣ

緢֧ΣҪԭУ

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󲿷ֳڰʮڣｨĵλн
ίᡢС壬Ƹõĳ編˴һǷ
λĸɲڲΪ淶˾ʮڣЩ
ԭȺԲͬʽСǿС
ųùɽģͨɣıȨṹġͨȨṹĵ
ĹȨ󲿷˽Уγɸ˿عɡ˽л
Χ֧ΣĸԴ

ڿػƲ

˽еı־˴ǴʹӪ
Ȩ⣬Ҫڣ»ᡢ»ĳԱ󲿷ǸĴ
ᡱҲǴŸ˵档ֳ»ᶭ³Ҳ
ķ˴ˣᡱûзáһЩöŹɶἸ
ٿһΣʧȥҪڲԼʹٿ˹ɶᣬҲ
κʵԵ⡣

ΥΪ

編˴ΪûܵڲԼΪΪ²ѭ
ǰѳ翴˽ĹߡӴͶŵùرǣ
ڴԳ罫иĸЩ編˴ǸǼӿ
ȡ˽Ĳƴƴãδκ
Ͱʽתθ˹˾ʻθ˹˾ռõʽ
ͶʿĿ㡣ߣ編˴ת
̫ɴԸ߼۽תøˡĳ磬˴ӵ
ɽ𣳣ԪȴԣԪĸ߼۽˽תóȥ
ʼݣӷӶʲƣѴƴųȥƴ
ãһС̣ȴֵʽͶȥǰһ֧
С

Ȩͺ

֧Ϊе㵥λֱӼ縺ŶԳöŵ
Σųģǽ
һмܷϱʡСеļȨʹõñ
϶ģǷ漰˴Ȩ棬ֻһ
ӳʵĲΪ˴ΥΥΪ
˴Ȩ»ᣬС磬ĳ磬˴
ɽռܹɱģꣶĩߴ
ŴʲʴѳʱЧĴռܶģ
ͶʡĿ㷨˴˽˹˾ռõʽ𣬵Ϊ
ռܶʲծԪ
תʽշ֧ΣȻѾԤƵܷ֧
Σûа취ֹεΪ

治ȫ

͸緢֧ΣԿҹڷ治ȫһ档
ҵһҵϵǧ򻧵棬ҹȴû
нȫķɱ˵档ҪڣԽڻ˹߹涨
ŴӪߵΥΥΪرǶ編˴Ųʽȣ
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η˵ġĹػж֯ȥʮһϺ졢
ɶൺݡڵʮСж¸ڹ˽ʾ飬
˽ǵ

˴ܹʾʴٷ֮ʮݰ¸ڹ
ʧҵǰĹʡ䡢Ա𡢽̶ȡ彡״¸ԭʧҵ
ľԴǷ֪׼Ƿð׼
áȼáȼܷάǷϣҵĿǰµ¡
Թҵ߿ʮ⡣

ʾе¸ڹ֮нٷ֮һõȼãٷ
֮ʮ˵ȫԼ򹤺پҵӡõȼߣаٷ֮ʮ
űʾȼýάְµٷ֮ʮĵһʾ
졣

ѵ¸ڹ˼֮ͥУٷ֮ʮߵ˿ѽӼãٷ֮
ʮһûκνӼãٷ֮һȼá

¸ڹ֮Уаٷ֮ʮĵ䡢̶ȡ״
Ҳٷ֮ʮ߱ʾ򹤻پҵԭ룬ٷ
֮ʮԭߡ

¸ڹʧҵǰĹʣṤҵλռٷ֮ʮ壬عҵ
λռٷ֮ʮҵռٷ֮ṤҵԷ֯ҵռı
ߣΪٷ֮ʮ壬ʳƷҵٷ֮ʮҽþҵٷ֮ˣٷ֮
ʮġعҵұҵռٷ֮ʮߣҵٷ֮ʮˣú̼ҵٷ֮
ʮٷ֮ʮ

¸ڹʧҵʱ䣬ʮʮռٷ֮ˣʮʮ
ռٷ֮ʮʮʮռٷ֮ʮʮ
ռٷ֮ʮ

¸ڹ֮УŮռٷ֮ʮռٷ֮ʮߡäʶ
ռٷ֮ʮߣн̶ռٷ֮ʮн̶ռٷ֮
ʮѧϽ̶߽ٷ֮

¸ʱ״аٷ֮ʮʾͨٷ֮ʮϽٷ
֮ʮĳв״Ƿѣٷ֮߱ʾزܹ

¸ڵԭ򣬰ٷ֮ʮΪҵӪƣأҵ
ᱻԱٷ֮ʮΪҵ沢Ʋٷ֮Ϊ˾
֮һԼֲá

й½ٷ֮ʮĳȼã֮һĳй
ͱ׼ٷ֮ʮ¸ڹ˲֪Լڵĳ׼
ٷ֮ٵ¸ڹϣپҵаٷ֮ʮ߱ʾΪڡ

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еĴþˡ⣬ΪûǮаٷ֮ʮߺ¼ٵԪ
봺ڣٷ֮ʮ຦˺С

ĿǰĹ߿ٷ֮ʮΪ¸ڵԭƽȣҪ
ĸﾭƼȫḣϡ⣬ٷ֮ʮֲ
̬ȡ







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㶫ܹһЩȵ㡱⣬вҵְн
飬ҵְһЩ

һԡŻϡĿ

еְҵŻϡ㡣һЩҵ
㡰ŻϡְĵĲ֪һ챻Żü롣

еְ˵ڷȻܽȫĽ죬ŻʵǸϡ

еְΪͬĹͬЧ档ҵĿҪ
쵼ľӪƣΪʲôְŻϡŻ
쵼أ

еְ飺ŤתҵӦڼǿ쵼ڹ¹
ܰѲԱΪ·

ҵͣתԱ¸

ҵƲְǲɢһЩְΪҵƲܺ
ְе쵼һΣ١ƽ

ҪҵҪ㡰ְΪȻʵгã
һܷɮ١ϣҵܹͷչԱҪڲ
Ҫ״ְ

ͶӦΪ¸ԱŹ·

ƫְҵʧȥӰݺ

ûһ֮긾Ů¸ںʧҵ

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ġҽƱղաꣷҽƱ¹涨̨óְ
ʻҽԺʴʵĿҩҽԺ롣ְÿ
ʮԪҽƱսһβԶԶ֧Ҫְ͡в
ȥҽԺΡ

ġס

ٵλһְûסеְҵʮ
δֵӡҵѣƷְ΢ʮԪһ
׵΢







ڶǽΣһ֮ʡ




ڶĽڷ糱ÿ˴̸ֽϻ
漣ĭ𡱺͡͵񻰡ҲڹȥҲ̸
ʱΨͼҲ൱հԶΪʶ̬͵Ե
ھûвϧǮôζѣ
˹Ϊ׵Ͷߺﲻ˵һͼûС˵
ⳡѣ˹Ϊ׵һȺͶġ
Ⱥ˺͵궫ӡȹ˾ѻƬһ˫Ӯľԡͺܲ
ˣ˵ڸһЩǹصξ⡣ֱˣ
ҵԭ򣬶ԱϰҲǲƽġ

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ϵ֧֣80ձΪԪֵʼ̩Ͷʣ1987һ
Ͷʾͳǰ20̩Ͷʵܺͣ1986굽1989꣬
400%90ҵĽʱֿʼ̩1993
1996Լ500Ԫʽ룬һʱǹٷծʹﵽGDP
123%˶ʽȴûкܺõڹҵľ÷չѧо
ҵ͹ʩûеõԸƣǮ˽ڸߵγװе
Ǳݡġ߼ҽԺȥƷһĿǰ
35׷

ߣࡰˡ˸˽⻹ͶΡд
оѡͻѡݹ1996ѡƱǮʹﵽ10ԪŴ
˽ĳĴΡΪ
Ǯ˵¾ǵѡĸܺͺΪʹϰնʧȥġ
Σ֮£ǵĸʹҺ˸ʧ

1996굱̩óֺлʴﵽֺΨһѡǷ
̩Ԫϵʣֵ̩ЩǮת
(һǵĵԶձʱ)ǾͳһǮ˿Ƶ
гעԪͬǮгϴ̩껻ԪĻ
󣬹äĿ()еϵһ̩ʧ100Ԫϡ

̩ǿй½Ŀǰв̩⣬˲ܳͬ
鷳ԭҲ100%϶̨岻⡣Ŀǰ
۵ĸ۱Ұʽרҹƴֵʹд㴢д½
Ҳȫ鷳Щ˺äĿ
ḣ֧۵Ǯ˲̩ǮһһˣһǮת
ң½һ˳ʱӦעָ֧۱ҡӦ˼У
ҪԲԼ12ϰա






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