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Լִۺϱ

ҪĴۡԭ

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սպʡȾʵ

йǵÿһȫµĺһ

ٽ硱̮̬Σྫ񡡡ꡡ

Ȳࡡ

֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡
й½һԵʼݵ־ּڴƵ
ǰ½Ϣѹơӭκֶνзҵƺʹ
Ըṩţַǣģ
磮ǽÿڵ־Щַ־ʲô
ͽ飬ҲַͬʱϣͶƼģ
磮־ĵַܱ仯֡

  ֡лзҵƺʹ

עΪ˽Լǲıʽñ༭кĶ
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ϹձٿȫƷ飬оЧӦȫ±ů
⡣ڻϣͬйԱ

йǷչйңھ÷չӣŷԽԽ
ټϹҵȾйĻԽԽǣй˿ڶ࣬ҵ
̶ȵͣ˰ѷŷͷƽҪöࡣ

ھٿϹϣμӻļԱҪй
ٷŷΪЧӦȫ±ů⣬йΪչй
ͷϴӦǩЭ飬ŬٷŷȾ
⡣ὫͬڹʻЭǩ֡Ϊ
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μӾйԱΪƶЭй
ӵƷʢʱ˵ڶй
ϿݵĲԱʣǾȥ?

ʱμ˫̸ĻԱ򷴴༥˵
չйⷽ治еκκĩҲ
еٷŷĸԱԺ仯۲С
Աй˵ûйĺԺͲ׼κξ
Э飬κЭ鶼ûġ

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׵Ĺؼ˼ءʹȫ̬񻯡˿ڱը
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ʱǲǣһйԷ
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߰ͳAl GoreEARTH IN THE 
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ڸոձĻľϵ̬ȣһ쵼˵λϣж
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Brook Havenʵҵѧ Per Bak  Kan Chen һֽ
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ȻһɳɳֿԤġӦpre-dictable 
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ƺɳѡԼߣʵֲȶĽṹʹ˺ڽ
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ɳѵԲ׶ȴıɳѽṹı״̬һ

BakChenǵɳۣһٽ磨sub-criticalѽ
һֱٽ磨critical״̬бٽֵΪٽ磨supercritical
״̬ʱ̮ٽ״̬̮öࡣһٽѽһֱ
̮ٽ״̬ΪֹٽѺͳٽѶȻٽ״̬

ұ۴򶯵֮һҶԼеı仯
ҪͦҶǳµ¹ʼನ˶ӵı
иո֮ǰһ仯ҾҵBak
Chen˵ֳٽ״̬һʹľѻ仯ҵ
бع䣬ڱҹȥΪĳΪľءڣ
ܸչԼĽԼҽĹ

˵ѧErik  Eriksonȶྭķչ׶ν֤
ָһ׶νһ׶ΣΣЩΣʱ
Ҫģʹ˲ԽĳͻУӶֹͻһӾ硣
δ׶Ωʱѧѷֺͽ綨˵ڡͳһ
Ҫ񩤩Eriksonѧϰڣ˵꣬ѽ
EriksonƵġ족generativity  ׶ΡErikson׷ߵ˵
׶ΣԸͶԵĹڴ໥Ρ
ʱˣŸͽһְ˵
ĵĽ׶Σ족֣֮Ƕδ׶Ĺʵ

Ƿܹϵʵ״̬أҲ
˵ٽ״̬Ѿȥڽһ廯ĳ̬
Ƶ粿ȫ塣ȻǷҲͬ١ꡱܷ
ΣأЩעĿġϻŵı仯ĻỬ¡ͥ
Ƚ塢ֵԤʾŷ̮ĿܣܲʹǶδе
ǡκһֲΪ䣬磬ͬʱƺ
޷ڱ˴֮ķָ֮ϼͨǵǷڲͬĹҡ
塢ϵ֮ĶнάȣѾ߱ȫΧ
Ӱ컷ǷҲܳ쵽԰ѵһϣ
Ȼֻͣ±çëͷСĽ׶Σִ֪磬Ҳ֪Լ
ǷһʱıԵǸʱеÿһ˶ֻ
עԼעδࣿǰڡɳչǷ
Ϊǳ֮ԺĿأ

شЩ⼴ʹǲҲǺѵģΪڷı仯Ҫ
ʱʣֱ仯ϵӰҲڲȷķ
չ֮СصɳѵӣBakChen̸һ㣬˵ԤŪ
ٽ״̬ϵͳĴģ仯Ǻܸӵġ˵۲ֻ
ɳѵضһ㣬ȷһĻеԽṹܵµɳλƲѣ
ܹԤһǷ񼴽̮۲չϴΧľֲǷᷢ
ӦĴģ̮ȴ޷ԤΪǽɳѳڻ۵ЧӦ
µĽ˵ٽɳɳΪһ״ֲ̬Ķ޹
Ҫ̮ķǳģֲķʶƣǲɸıġ

ն֤۵һӣһԤȫԽ
ڴ𲽻ΣյĻѧ壬ľܹԤ
ģϼϿճֳȫľġ̮ȴʮ˾ȡ
ȻͷŸͬ塣ܲԤʱ䣬
ȷŸƵġ̮иġҲΪصȫů
⣬ǰԽԽ˹£
Ǽѡɳѡѵøͱ仯ġ̮һᷢ
һ᳤ڵӰٽһ룬ֲͬĴģ̮ͬʱ
һǾͺܿγӦĴѡ

ڷľ޴仯ɶȫ̬ϵͳвͬʱҲǶ
вÿʮʮ˿ڣ˿ڱը볬ٽ
״̬ʹἫ׷ɲԤı仯µĴ̮Erikson
˵ֻĿǴ֮ıҪǰᡣΪ˱Σձ
ʵǱ뷽跨Ѱҳ·Ӷʹྡһܹг
ҿƵȫ·չ׶Ρ

˼ȫ򻷾Σʱ׸еûȫȻ
ΪĸоһҪָֿоΪֻÿ嶼
ǲΣΣܹõÿ˿òͬķʽͷȥ
ԼˣÿԼõĺ˷ѵԴСͨ
λȥٽ仯ΪҪģ¶λȻ֮
ĹϵҪÿ˶Ϊ֮ģȥʵ͹ϵǽ
˶з棬֪ʲôʵģԼʲôʵɿ

һֱΪĿʶΪ֮ܶʮʵ㲻
⡣սģĻ𡢺ķԼĿǰȫ򻷾Σ
ʹ˾橤˵ֺϣοܣǳ
ڹҵ˼빤֮У˴Ӹжϵֻע
ңխķֽʹˡಿָͬʱȴּǿǱ
֮ڵ԰յĻӰ졣ܻڶ˵Ļ
Ƕ̽Ϊʹ٣ЩҲʹǻΪġȻ
ɱβܳ־ãһǻῴΪ
Զȥɱ˸ٹ̣ٵΣ
һ֡

һܹԼĵ·Ϊܡȷųֻ
ҿñһݣԲת
ⲿܱȶĺгΪ˵״̬ʱ
¶˵ϴһ֮ǽκ;ȫ̽
һ˸ľ塪ıʡܹʹѡ
壬ԶäĿĳ嶯

һšΪеšѡϣѡ
СѡյµӰȴһܴһ㳣ǲ̫ע
ġǵȫѡС۶ô΢СѡֻҪʶءִ
Ŭȥѭԭ򣬾ԳΪǶĹסͬСѡ
ȡȱƵ̬ȣԴѡҲһطڸ
лξϣǶӦίؼֵ׼򣬵ƾ䣬
ҳϣΪǵȫΪеΡǸĻǼġ
ʿ˵һģVirtue is one thingñͬһݣ
ƽ⣬ֻʧ⣬Ҳ¶

ԣ޸֮Ѿʧȥƽ⣬
ģֻʹδǻΪδȥᶨŬ
طִܶԲΪǰٵ棬ѡ
Ҫھ֪ǻƽģΪƽ
һɲ֣ǲɿܵĵ֮ƽ⣬ͻ̭ͨȥʵ֡







Ȳࡡ




죬ĸѾġȫκᣬκ
κνײ㣬κ̸֯Ҫԣ졣ڴס
κһѯʣûһʾԱΪʲô
ȴԽԽأԽԽأ

̸ЩͷɣΪºˮ족ߣ
вһһ⡣ֵÿǵǣĿǰķʽʹȫϵء
һµرǷܹؽأ

ڵĻһΪ꣬ʴׯں͹ż
ǲź˿նרҲſʼǷֹͣ÷ɭ
ˣٶԱĻһָȻ©ͬʵıΪ
ααֻƳٻΣĵı䲻˻񻯵ơ

漰ɫ˼бسΪǳ̡̡͡ķҰ
ͣڻĲ棬ֻܳΪǳ̡Ȼ̡̣͡ǳ̡
ȴбʵĲ̡ͬΪĸ·ǻ
Ӹϸıʽ

ǹҵʽҪ
ĻϣһʲƸΪ֮׼壬ɴ˵
Դ׷ۣһԸйΪ壬
ǵ½塢̰ͻ֮ĸԴһΪ
ĵĿѧ壬ڡ˶ʤ족ĿūۺͻٻĻ
⼸ػѭͣ˵̬뻷ڵ


ԡ̡Ĺ۵㿴̬൱̶̬⡣
ѧ䣬ʽ䣬ǾȲġǰϯй
ֵõǡ̬뱣ֶƽһһ
ľҲڳõĽγɾϸƽĽṹȫһ¡Ǯ
⵼ʧ⡣Ҳ˲ΪȻܰèèץסӾǺ
èǲǱȹȥɣƶǲõģ󸻵Ļʲ
ôǸı׼أǱ׼йʮ˶ﵽڵˮƽ
רҼ㣬ҪԴڵʮѾιǧأ
ܼʮ֭

ɫѧᳫʽǰΪҿƣѸйת
׷󣬱ȻΪ˳ӦȻⷽݣ֣̽
ѧǶѣ߼Ҳֻͨͣһֿɼ
룬ؼ޽ѧΪʵĿзѧֻ˵磬
ܸı硣ǳ̡֮ܳΪ㷺˶൱ĳɷ־
һֿɲķ̡Ϊֹֻͣѧ

Ŭɫɫɫ֯ɢ
޷һȺˡ黷ĸȴܿܿһ
ʵ֡ʹܵĻǻĵû㹻ʱ
䣿ƶκαһŵΪеȺڣȻɫ
ȴҪǴӹѻع鰲ƶֵĹҽơָԾ
֡ѵпܵ

ԣ̡ڡԡĲ£ǲ߳ѧɳ
ƶΪܵġҵƶ֮׷
Чʡͬ͵ῴȥܴ󣬷вͬ壬Ȼǵ
ֶֻβͬϣյĿĶҪ׷Ƹ
ʱ塢壬ǡƽǡӢֻλ
СҵĲͬλãͬһյܡս֮磬
ʱһͳ£ŵйҲֻǹͷ⣬
˹ȨܴѾ̱ˡ

г뾺ƶ̶ܹȵؼûʹ⣬ǣҲͬ
ʱɷֵ̬Σ⡣׷ףȾ컯ͨ
͡ʣʧҵͷȵٵش⣬ҵͨ
ЧʵĸԴƶУ˭ҪֻĻľѶУ
ѡ̡ʽΪ׼ͽҲ֮أ̸
ϸ廷Ҳ޷֤νڽɼ
˶е޿κεĸп

ڷԴ޵ģ̬Ǵģпձʱ
ȴѱޣͬ˶񫣬ղܡ˵Ծʵ
תģȻȻϾǰѾܲת䡣ô
Ҳͱ뿪ʼѰһȫµƶȣǵᣬԼ
Լ

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