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½ǰ˼ķչӢʱ

Ʀӡˡ

ų־ά

硡졡

ʲô֪ʶӣ󺣹

ѧɾ֮ꡡ

֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡
й½һԵʼݵ־ּڴƵ
ǰ½Ϣѹơӭκֶνзҵƺʹ
Ըṩţַǣģ
磮ǽÿڵ־Щַ־ʲô
ͽ飬ҲַͬʱϣͶƼģ
磮־ĵַܱ仯֡

  ֡лзҵƺʹ

עΪ˽Լǲıʽñ༭кĶ
֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡֡



½ǰ˼ķչ

Ӣʱ


ʮĩ½˼Ļ翪ʼɶļ󡣽ʮ
ٷʶ̬Ȼʧȥ˺ͬԽԽ࣬γġ
ȡ˶֧Ԯ༤ֱһŰ˾찲
ɱŸһ䡣

һĳ֮ᣬ½˼Ļٶȷˡһž
˼Ŵ˵Ŀʹ֣áӭʱ
һ˵Ǵ½⿪˼Ļչĵڶ׶Ρ
ոտʼһʱ׿

һ׶ȣһڵ˼ԵŵĲͬ
һ˼˵жȫѽˡ˵Ȼ̵κ塣
춡ġἫȨƵܻ½֪ʶֻܡԡܡ
Сˡʮĩ֪ʶӺѧеֹᡢĻ
λѲܸ춽աڶ˼Ļչռ䷴
ˡ춴½ҵͻȻر֪ʶӵġº
˿֧˼Ļչľǵһ׶ûе
Ļггÿʼָжʮлϵǹ۲쵱ǰ
½˼ķչܺµԵء 

Ҹоʮ½˼롢ĻȻʮֻԾ˼伸
ĿϾӣȻ忴ܲԴ֮ˮӡ 

Щν˼ƺʱ˵ıԼеĿݡЩ˼
͡ŻԲߡķֱҲȥԶйͳ˵Щ
ۡ;нܾʱ俼ѧ˼δͬն

½ϵġۡܶࡣʹۡ߼ú⣬Ҫ
Ǵ½ĵȨߡʽۡȡķʽԮĳ
ۻ۵㣨ٷִ˼壩Ȼй
½ʵԼġš򡸶ԲߡʹЩ˼Ŀֵ֣
ϸӷƺҲӲĹʽֵýΪޡ۶ѡ
ԣԴȡĳƷ۵ֱӳ춶йʵر
ʵĹУ൱һ֡˼ֵɫ

߶޿ɷ顣ǰһɫԣš뽫ѧ˵Ϊ
޵ľ롹ʱ˼ҲСѧΪĴ
֮һһɫй˼ʷͳֵġԡӡҪԡ
塢īӵȤǿԵʱײı˾̸ҪּҲ
˵ǶǡΪҲԡ¡֮⡣

Ǵһ濴ʵĻߡʮǰ˵ġǵı
ֻҪй˲οѧ˵ΪԼʼ㣬ҪйԶ׷
ֳۡйѧ˼ĵߣܹ֮γѧɲ
εһ˼춳ڿĽȻ֪ʶ¡һ
ѧʷิǡԱͶԣ߼ʵ֤ѧ
Ǻѧѧѧȵͻճһģʮ
ŷ½ѧģӢѶԷѧĴͳвҲ
ѧ·չܲɷ֡ѧѧʷѧѧȵо
䷢شáʷЩʱ˼գ
½ϳֵ㲻ġ˼бԵ־ܲ
Ϊӡ 

ҶĿǰ½й˼ĻΪӣҲȷһֲ
ĸо˵ʾ˼ϻûдﵽľ磬
ʵ˵Դ̫ʵı仯ó
ʼ˵δ϶͹۵ѱ䣬ߵŬ㲻ˡ

д½ɫ˵Ҫǻɵģɸ
𡣾ƽӴĴ½ѧ˶ԣ֮мѧ˼֮ʿ
ֻ춴½ѧоرѧ棩Ϊٷʶ̬ѹ˼
ʮ꣬ûлָ״̬ǵѧƾԶûͬ
񡣵ǵȳʮָֻ߰ҪɵĿռһӵ׷κ
żȻԵʹ⡣Ҳʮ½˼Ļ
糣ָ֡ȡԭ֮һʮġĻȡ;ʮġѧ
ȡѧȡֳִ񡹡ṹ塹ࣩ֮
˼ĻķչҪʱڵļоͷۣ
˵֡˵ǡ侲ԡĻȡǡ˵
ĻԳģǴ混ģг
ɵȳһ 

֪½вѧڸԵרҵλĬĬظš
ҽӴѧ˶ԪһǱĹѱȱȽǡʮ֮أ
šҶ춴½оԶʼձֹ۵һҪ  

ѧϵڴܵԵй˼
ĿǰһеĹԳ塣ҳڴ½ĿϿν
ѧͻ˼뵭˵˼˵ڳһַһ֪
ʶͷ´ѧоһֹǽԵ˼˵
Ȼʹ뵽Ҷ֤ѧʢеһĽ֤ͪ
ѧһ˼Ĳҿ֤ѧĳѧ͢
ʽᳫĹٷʶ̬ 

½ϡѧͻ˼뵭˵źеġѧȡ
أٷյһҲ֮С˵ĳҲȷ
һʵݡҲҭʳѡѧ롸˼Ŀǻ
ų¡νѧ˼裬˼ѧйѧ˼
ʷϵͨ򣬶ңָģҲͬѧʷԻӡ֤
ʵϣѧоڵѧֻҪڴо
ǵᴴȻһ̵áо
ˡ

֮˼ѧһµ棬޴ӽȻֿǺ
ѧʵ˼һ˼ѧʼңߵķֱ𲻹صƫͬѡ
ֻоȡüҹĳɼᣬй½ķϡ
ľ񡹡ҪüѧϵŬ 







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͡


ȥĴ½۽Ǽįģ֪ʶӵĸʮδ
ı¡ƫƫһƬ֮УڸشС̯ð
һ·ġۡ鼮ϺоĹҷչ˼·ƽ
ͷ۵ɥר⽻ǵĶܷ˵
ͳͳΪЩۡԳĻ⡣

ɱ֮ʱΪʲôЩв
ͣѵĳ֡Ȩһ˵ĳʶ⣬ν
ۡҪһĹΪ̨൱ۿռΪ
йĹ£Ҫʹʹ˵ǵ㹻Ĳɣȴ
ĶͻһҪ㹻ķʶֵ
þһɡɻӡ򡰳ֲͬߡñӣ
÷ֵǣͷҲûкٴţλ֪ʶ
ֵܡæҪҡżиѲʶ̧ٵģƲԳԷƣ
³Ŀõġ¼ָ֣㽭ɽǶ
˱ӵ޷ˣͦգйطչˣһ·
׳棿


ΪͶҵġۡ

ʶ߸֮ЩۡȲǷҲǵֵر⣬һ
ͶҵͶߣ֮ΪҲաۡ
֮ͶΪİ㣬кκͼִַ࣬ЩۡͶ֮Ϊ
࣬һΪͶһҵͶ̸ͶģĪڡ
̸ġԼĽؼʱ̡ˡȺųƶǵ
½֪ʶᾫӢǰйԺѧ̳Ϊף
ߵĶ׳󣬷ֱĺϱٲȻһɡΪһͬ
Ŀ꣬ߵһˡĻʦšйνУ
ֻ˵ΪʲôƫƫҪ֮ɣڡؼʱ̡վǰ̨
̸ġؼʱ̡ĳҪ߻˽µһй¶
ڶ쵼ѾԼۣ쵼ʲô죿ʲôۣǵ
Ǹѽ֪ʶӵģֻԼ˼棬Ϊ
ǷһǰգȻ¡׶ԲߣҲǡǡһ֡
µңñ˲ժô죿гõĹע̱꣺
š۵֪ʶȨǵģ

˵ҵͶࡰۡںġй˵ǵʲ
õʼٸߡܡ˵ȡ̸ġڼʽҪţö࣬ԭȲ
ǹ̬гСǮѡЩ׼ƺ
šʵ˴ŵĻ⣬һ˺ü飬ĶԪ
ΩС˵һߺ졣˵߲Դ
һٲȻһšʽķӢۡԴӡ˵ͶɹʩЧ
֮꣬ۻҡΧš˵ƿ£
ڣоڵ顣硶ۺ⡷ʮһйĴơ
֮ɷ͡͵ʼٸҲΩгЧӦ
ϣǼӰӵ㣬Ӷ⽻Ĵˡڿ˼
ۼҵԡۡг㣬ֻҪк䶯ЧӦ
ǾͻӶһд֣ӽһڶʮĴԾٶ
ЩۡεֻͨҪ
õÿλһϵһأǾʹն񣬳ɱˡ

ࡰۡһź̺һϣŻƽ·ʵϣ
Ƶԭͬ뾭̣Ѫԭͨ
ЧӦ֮һ˫˫գ͸һ㣬Ƿ
⣬绶ϲģͶҵ֮ģӲ߻װߵĶ
ǳ·ӣӪ󵽣̯Ϸĳ֡


αۡα

ġۡʵֻԡα֮ۡкʣ
˵Ͷ֮ǷڿʧΪ޳۵㣬ͳ
֮ΪαɡԻΪۣʲôĹ۵Σһ
ġĹ򣬱ӦɸֶԪҲգصҲ
աҲգֻҪ֮ɾݣ֮һϯ֮ءȻ
ۣҪεϸкθСνϣԼЩ
۵㣨ʹǲģ˶Ҫ塢ģȷǳһ֮
ǳĺģоСθУΤ˼˵
ԼܲڳеֵΡ

յԾڴ½Щۡߣһӵĵ
Ϻͺұģǽǧ򻯵ΣҵгĶͶߣ
һͶ߶ǣеͶϣԼԹΪ仰һɫ
飬ץϵˣҾ˵컺ˣ
͸á٣ţӡˣͷҪʲôʲôͶãѩ;̿
ʲô̸ãʲô̸ãʹɦȫһ
סЩ塢ʶʱˣµĶעʮ׼ȷġеİ
ֻߣɵ˷ľԣȲΥԭ
Ӧгá


һ

ֵһʵǣЩαۡߣϰʮ˼뽩֮
Ǵúܣ塢ʮ˶ʿʿڡоԱͷ
ŻһĴڡǰЩƺһᶨߡ
ȰĶʿΪһʲô顢˵Ļ
ȻʶʱΪܣһ䣬һͷļҪƤװܿƶһ
Ҳҡһ䣬ΪʱΪʱֵ±ˡ컹ʲôֻ
áΪʲôزסԼһλоһʱľ
Сѵʲô䣿Ѿ챼ʮˣͷϵ
ͣٲóһʶĶûҵϷˣڸһģ
һһɫģߵǼ
ʵáʲôСķգȡģҾˣ˵ľ
͵Ļͷȫʣ

˱ϾˣǶ飬ưװ֪Ҫˡ±塱
ĸҩʹһף϶ʽ
ҪͣԹԴǮǵڡ¡¹θ¡
ǻѡС˼롱仰ôҾȴһ
䡱źˡࡰαۡȷЩ
ʽĴ£˸Ļɫɿ飬޴ִ
ִһ˼Ҿֲ緶


ٷʶ̬仯ڹ

òϣЩ˼ƷгϵðαӲƷһװ
һҲ٣档ѹô⡢ͬΪ棬
Ϊˣ½֪ʶ籣ˣϰҪ˵ˡЩ
½ıתġйͨ˼ǣëϯ
˼ҵꡰ͸󿴱ʡ׻׻̵ǵ۹ڡ仰
ı㻬У֪һģпııƤ
̡ʵ˼ۣǹٷʶ̬仯ڹͣ
ΪЩۡĸϥ̸ġҪ
׹һΣϡӵ£ֻһƯ̬һͣ
ģֻǳϻ̳ϿֵġġӭϹٷ⽻߶ѣ

ΪЩαۡг͸һЩĹ۹һ
Ϊʱ´½ܻԾܿɡܶԪѾ֪ˣ
ԾġɵġֻһǾġ±塱ڡԪ
ġ±ءõġ±ءĥ϶ѡ±
壬է֮£ƺʶ̬ȥԶʵϣõʶ̬
˿Ľ⹹ʱŰæеĽɫҲգɶ
ǻҪԴӮʱǶгö߹
ǵԼ桢Դγãһġαۡ
ν˹Ѳơ

̯˷Цǳ˾Ʀˡʵǲһ
ˡ龪˷ѧ˵ǡƦѧϾн⹹
ʶ̬һ棬˷ҲδС˵Ʀһܳߡ
ġƦӡЩαۡߣһʵƦӣ
ûвأȴҪᳫ˸ȱԭ򣬵ҪΪȱٳߣ
Ҫ֮αӡ׼ġƦӡ
αӡ롰ƦӡһƤӡΪƦӡΪ
ӡΪ飬ƦӡΪʵټ٣ʵʵй
թ֮ͳǻҲ

Ʀӡˡ⵹Ҫ˾ġ







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ά⡤


ų־ѧ嶯ʾģ۲۵ڹеͳ
ѧĵ·ϡѧܻǰؾ֮κΡ߷ˣ
ͶŷЩʵƷӳ죬վûģ
ѧʷʲô

ڵġĻԭСʷȻϤ
硣׾ʱеʱֻ˵ǹĻȨµĲ

˵ķǰ֪ʶӣؾ֮κΡݱ
ҦԪˣǰ۹ߣܸ൳ĻƷӰģô
˵ų־ķ˵ĺķ磬ȻսĴʾһ㡣
ǣʹõԡԵɡ࣬а͵һ
ûκα仯ֻǸһЩʵϣų־ûиеб任Լ
ԵıҪų־ƷʰǣڡɧĿʼ

ⲻǱĴ£ݵϰëڵٿɲ
̤ŵǶӲ
ⲻʡµѩ죬ɽﶳʯͷϣӶ
ŵɹɵĹ(Ļԭຣ磬һž
꣬һһʮҳ¾Դ)

кؾ֮ҲйСĺۼ

ƥǹһһ󡣵ҽеһص
飬һսʿӺĿ޴ݵĸ顣(
ʮҳ)

ǺĻʱһһֽʽɢģһЩĿ
Ĵ󻰡

--Ǵӡڿ͡ĺӡһֱĬĬ׷
˵ⲿ(ָʷ--ע)ѧ߷塣Ҳ˵һ
гƷһڿǣⲿΪţҵѧ
һ߰ͯ޼ɵغĿں--Ǳ˳ЦġΪ
֣Ѿܹ˵ȫǶǵһԼҼԼ
ˣûʧš(ڶʮҳ)

ʱǲԼҵģҲԼ˴
ġҵĸ飬ǵĸ飬ȥʿǵĸ--˴˳ײһ̵
޷ݡҼǧһһ˲ҳδཫ˶
Ľǡǻã䣬Ҳûһݱĸˡ(ڶ
ʮҳ)

ԴǺҵģֻּȨ
ȨĻУЩ˵ĽвŻ֡

軭һӲ׳ĺô
κξѧֶζ޷Ч(ڶʮҳ)

ǲûлŶѳߵͬ顣ȱ˵
ҲܻܡʷֻʷЩȱ˵͵
īͣ粻ǿࡣ(پʮҳ)

ֿŵĻһΪǵ˼ʽ֪һֶһѧ֪
ɴ˶ĻʽνԾӡ磺

йԴһ֪йĵԣ䵭ġ(ʮ
ҳ)

ֿŵԿ׷ݵ˼ԼŵԵ
ɫΪʲôϰΪشʹÿԵԣΪʲôھ
½֪ʶӵƷоˣԭּȨĻΪռ
ΪԼɴ˶ʶ̬ͽһбض¼١
աصڽε˵νѧƷжһ۾ܿ
Դ֪һƣ߿·ֻСʷ񡱡
ࡱΣϡ¶桱ءС
ЩʣһСߡЩݴʣǴѧҺʹ˼ҵԺ
⡣磺

ë˵֪ʶյ㣬֪˹յ㣬޼
Ҽţһѧᱻ仰𶯡(ڶʮһҳ)

ʮʱʱĽˡ(ڶʮҳ)

ʱý˵Ѿȫ(ٰʮҳ)

ڴֻ˼ٵһЩӣЩԱ鲼ڡĻԭ
ÿһƪƷС

ԺѧԵĲͬйʮʮ
ʮԵɻήһҪѧĿ˵
⡣˷˵ˣȴһѪȨеų־
åûһе֪ʶӵĵ¹淶ˣΪֿ
ͶĸУʵǷţ༰Ϊڿ
մմϲʵϣƷо¶һ
ǰײ͵ԵúͶԳȨĴģ磺

ĴϣұˡҰһҵţ
һα׸(پʮҳ)

ڡʷǰУҫ˵ҵġʱ
һѼССףᡣɳũ־ıΪһܸ
Ļɡʹ˰ڵĿˡ(ʮһҳ)

Ȼų־ڰʮںȻı仯ڼȨ
ͳĻѧͳСݱ䵽˰˾꣬ᣬų־
ѧգѧַѧռȴı仯ԽԽխ
Լʾɡ˷沨˳ӦȨṶ
дı仯Ūܾ˷˵ģĺ¡ˮ
ʯԽԽظевԼȨĻ˥ܣų־ķӳ
ģǡֿͶ͡Ļԭֵġ

һ棬ٴνֿͶٴεġѡ
Ϊų־ҲûзѹᣬȻûзѹɱԡɱκ׷
ĳ嶯ļȨרƶȺ͹ͬҲ˵ų־û׷
һ˵ԵĽţ׷֪ʶ׷֪ʶӵ
Ļôܴûк͹ͻأų־
еĸСʮʮͳѧġ
峣ϧյĻƻּȨĻ˥߽⣬ʹһֱֵ
·ѧ·Ļҡˣгήˡý㣬ų־ǱܵҪ
֡άе򡢾ʱѧԶԾյһƫ롣

⣬һ棬ڼȨʱȻҪ
ȥѰҳ·ʮֳǿĸɲӵʶʮĩкǿν
ʶûкǿĻʶڰʮᷢԼ
ȻһҪѷĶе׵ĺų־
ԭת˹˼ˣҾ˵ĳЩɵľ䣬
һЩû߳Ļ֪ʶĿࡣ

ʵʱкܴϵų־ûǰؾ֮߷
ŹʱǹĻʽ΢ʱ
ƷԽԽʧȥгȻȻûдӸĻǣڱ
ȴԶĻΪʱ֡ų־ȻغĻ
ʵе塣ȻκηѶʹģκηҪǾ
ԼⲻҪĲҪ顱͡
ڡļ͡ʮų־·ʱȨƽ
ڣеһУҪѰĻĴƷ
ȻҪиеʥĹ⻷

ų־ڼȨĳ桰𡱵һЩ֪ʶӡ
ǸĻȨʶŪڽ塢壬ʮΣյġ
ӾıҪ춵ĻΣǱ
裬ЩΪռΪܵĸȨӣһ
һжǲῼƽġȨĻϣ
յ˹ΣӦǵľ˼








硡

졡ϡ


Ҫ˵˼롱йͷëãĸǰ
ʶҲľҶԼǮģҶ
ϣĸʱëëصùʶߣ١С顱
Ƿвɵˡ

ֵСƽʹ֮ʱҲֻΪʵɵĸĸң
Ϊʲô˼롱ԡѡģΨͨ֯
Ӳ̯ɣƩõϹȻַԱָ֮Ҳɡ

ë˼롢˼дʮ֮󣬡˼롱Ѻ֮ɵǣ
ʮȻȷˡ˽Ӫ·꣬ҵҵȻе
ҾɻˣŻ֯ĻҲɱ䣬ǿϹ
䡱̫еͨˡļǰ֮δ֪

˵½֮ů̬ͳˣֻҪĸƳ
ȳ㣬ǧһӵϣֱˮĲиʣ˶
ɾΪֹȥġ˵񳱣ʼٸΪǳƫġ
šй˵ͷ﷨ĻҡԳ֪֮ȴ
ڸĴڶ೴ұӬӵһƳй
˵й˵йΪʲô˵йֹ˵ֱ
˵ﵽҲ̶á

ǡǳ۵ġѧ֮ġƬһ㵹
ֱӰԺ޹ɶͰţ˵ʵڵģҲ
ֳںε䣬ǲ֮Լĺˮƽ͡й˵Ⱥ
ԭȥ޼

ڽƴġ顱֤Ŀһ£֪ʣһȥ
ϵⱾСֽƵܡʹ㲻ǶͽҲ
ͦ˵ġʵһС˵ȥҳ桶
Ƶ硷ʮᡣ̺꣬ŪѺЩĵõľ
ɽžճ棬ֽƵܡܴһƱܷ
ϾӪܣֻ²ֹۡ

еġֻ͸ˣйƳʳ顶
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ᣡչĩ֮۰ףӦʤһδ
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