Vipers - Viperidae

The vipers form a well defined and advanced family of snakes found throughout much of the world but absent from Madagascar and Australia . Their most distinctive characteristic is a pair of shortened maxillae to each of which is attached a single long fang . Each maxilla is hinged so that the fangs can be folded back when not in use . The fangs have an enclosed canal through which venom is forced . Vipers are typically short and stocky with broad heads . The scales are usually heavily keeled (except night adders , in which they are smooth) and the head is covered with small irregular scales : the night adder is , again , an exception and there are a few others . They are mainly terrestrial or arboreal but there are semi-aquatic . They may be diurnal or nocturnal , depending largely on their distribution : several species come from cold environments and ere then mainly diurnal . Many are well-camouflaged snakes that ambush their prey , which consists mostly of warm-blooded vertebrates , although some also eat reptiles and a few partly insectivorous . most species are viviparous but a few lay eggs . The family is divided into four subfamilies : the Viperinae and the Crotalinae each have many species whereas the Azemiopinae and Causinae have few . The Crotalinae are unique among snakes in possessing a pair of large heat-sensitive pits between the eye and the nostril .

RattleSnake's Rattles

The rattle on the tail of rattlesnakes , genera Crotalus and Sistrurus , is formed from the successive remains of the scale covering the extreme tip of the tail . In most snakes , this scale is conical and the epidermis covering it comes away with the rest of the shed skin . In rattlesnakes , however , the terminal scale is shaped like an hour-glass , with a constriction somewhere around its centre line . After the first shed , the skin around this terminal scale becomes thicker than normal . When the young snake sheds for the second time , this scale is torn away from the old skin , because it is held in place by the constriction . Now a new skin is formed around the tip of the tail but it shrinks away from the piece of old skin so that it is attached only loosely . When the snake sheds again , the second layer is prevented from coming away , the tail has two segments , one inside the other , and the cyle starts over again . Eventually a number of segments are built up , the oldest towards the end of the tail and the freshest towards its base . Each segment , then , represents a shed skin , but although the snake may shed four or more times each year , rattles that consist of more than six or seven segments are rare because the material is brittle and the tip , including the button , is usually broken off , leaving only the most recently formed rings .

10 Ular Paling Mematikan di Dunia

10.
Name : Western Brown Snake - Pseudonaja Nuchalis
Size : To 1.5M
Distribution : Most Of Australia Except Extreme SW And Se
Habitat : From Forests To Grasslands , Gravelly Plains And Deserts
Food : Small Mammals And Reptiles
Breeding : Egg-Laying
Appearance : Narrow Black Head And Black Neck Or Many Narrow Dark Crossbars , Colors Light Brown To Black Or May Have A Series Of Lighter Bands Around The Body



09.
Name : Death Adder - Acanthophis Antarcticus
Size : To 40-50Cm
Distribution : Most Of Australia Except Central Desert Region
Habitat : Dry , Rocky , Or Scrubby Places
Food : Small Mammals , Birds And Reptiles , It Uses The Tip Of Its Tail To Lure The Prey To Within Striking Distance
Breeding : Live-Bearing
Appearance : Broad , Triangular Head , Short Tail , Colors Grey To Brown Or Red , It Has A Number Of Irregular Crossbands Over The Body



08.
Name : Black Tiger Snake - Notechis Ater
Size : To 1.2M
Distribution : Australia : Tasmania , Islands In The Bass Strait
Habitat : Rocky Places , Dunes , Beaches , Tussock Grass
Food : Small Mammals , Frogs , Seabird Chicks
Breeding : Live-Bearing
Appearance : Large Body , Usually Black Sometimes Has Traces Of Lighter Crossbands , When Alarmed It May Spread Its Neck



07.
Name : Tiger Snake - Notechis Scutatus
Size : To 1.2M
Distribution : Australia : The Eastern Side Of Australia
Habitat : Forests , Open Grasslands
Food : Frogs
Breeding : Live-Bearing , Usually 30 At Onetime
Appearance : It Can Be Olive Or Even Reddish And Usually Has A Series Of Lighter Crossbands , It Flattens Its Neck When It Is Angry



06.
Name : Sea Kraits - Laticauda Colubrina
Size : To 2M
Distribution : NE Australia
Habitat : A Marine Species
Food : Fish , Eels
Breeding : Egg
Appearance : Wide Head , Some Species With Bands



05. And 04.
Name : MainLand & Eastern Tiger Snake
Size : To 2M
Distribution : Australia
Habitat : Forests , Open Grasslands
Food : Small Mammals , Birds
Breeding : Live-Bearing
Appearance : These 2 Tiger Snake Species Are Worlds Most Venomous Tiger Snakes


03.
Name : Taipan - Oxyuranus Scutellatus
Size : To 2M
Distribution : NE And Extreme North Australia , New Guinea
Habitat : Forests , Open Woodlands
Food : Small Mammals
Breeding : Egg-Laying
Appearance : Lightly Keeled Scales , Light Or Dark Brown Fading To A Paler Shade On The Sides And Underside . Head Is Usually Lighter In Colour


02.
Name : King Brown Snake - Pseudechis Australis
Size : To 2M
Distribution : Whole Australia
Habitat : Forests To Deserts
Food : Frogs , Small Mammals
Breeding : Live-Bearing
Appearance : Dark Reddish To Brown Colors , The Colors Become Paler On The Sides And Undersides


01.
Name : Inland Taipan Or Fierce Snake - Oxyuranus Microlepidotus
Size : To 2M
Distribution : Central Australia
Habitat : Dry Plains And Grasslands
Food : Frogs , Small Mammals
Breeding : Egg-Laying
Appearance : Brown Or Olive Colors , Black Markings On The Head Or Uniformly Black Head
World's Number 1 Venomous Snake

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