China Berry -to-
Devil-in-a-BushChina Berry -to-
Devil-in-a-Bush
Botanic Name |
Family Name |
Dutch Name |
English Name and where Indigent |
Toxic Parts, Substances and Symptoms |
Type and Degree of Toxicity |
Counter Measures |
| Melia azadarach | Meliaceae | Kralenboom | China Berry | Golden brown berries, edible for birds, lethal for mammals, 6 are FATAL to humans | 4, 7 | ??? |
| Aglaonema modestum | Araceae | Aglaonema | Chinese Evergreen | Calcum oxalates | 2 | Wash affected area thoroughly! |
| Allium spp. | Liliaceae | Bieslook; Knoflook; Look; Prei; Ui | Chives; Garlic; Allium; Leek; Onion | Mainly the bulb (onion) Dogs that ate 15 grms of onion, showed serious anaemia. | 3, 5 | 7 |
| Prunus pennsylvanica | Rosaceae | Vogelkers | Choke Cherry | Seedkernels contain cyanogenic glycosides (amygdaline) . Leaves bast and flowers, another one (prunasine). They cause hydrocyanic/prussic acid to be released in the bloodstream. Is one of the fastest toxins known.. Blocks the breathing of the cells (cytotoxic anoxia),GET MEDICAL HELP FAST !!! | 4, 7 | 3, 4 Get medical help FAST!!! |
| Pyrus arbutifolia | Rosaceae | Arbutusappel; Virginische Mispelboom | Chokeberry | Seeds contain small quantities of amygdaline, so could be dangerous when chewed in large quantities. | 4, 7 | 2, 3, 4 Do not let them play with the seeds |
| Helleborus niger | Ranunculaceae | Kerstroos; Nieswortel, Zwarte | Christmas Rose; | Heartglycosides: helleborine AND saponisides: helleborine, helleboreine; etheric oil: protoanemonine. Effects same as Bear's Foot | 4, 7 |
2, 3, 4 Get medical help FAST! |
| Helleborus viridus (or viridis) | Ranunculaceae | Wrangwortel; Helleborus | Christmas Rose; Chrisroot; Hellebore, Green | Presumably same as Christmas Rose (above): Heartglycosides: helleborine AND saponisides: helleborine, helleboreine; etheric oil: protoanemonine. Effects same as Bear's Foot | 4, 7 | 2, 3, 4 Get medical help FAST! |
| Chrysanthemum spp. | Compositae | Chrysanten soorten; Margrietje; Spinchrysant; Tuin- en Kamerplant | Chrysanthemum species; Daisy; Marguerite; Mums Spider Mum Out- and Indoor Plant | Some sources mention these Chrysanthemum species giving no further particulars.See therefore Chrysanthemum vulgare, Tansy, Common??? | 3, 5 | 2, 3, 4 |
| Cimicifuga spp | Ranunculaceae | Zilverkaars alle soorten | Cimicifuga, all species | No further particulars available. All species are considered toxic for safety's sake. | 4, 7 VERY TOXIC!!! | 2, 3, 4 Get medical help VERY FAST!!! |
| Cymbopogon nardus | Graminae | Citroengras Sereh (Indonesisch en Thais keukenkruid) | Citronella, Indonesian and Thai kitchen herb | Oil which is used as an insect repellant | ??? | |
| Clematis alpina | Ranunculaceae | Clematis: Sommige hybriden hebben allerlei mooie namen! | Clematis: Warning: There are hybrids of this and all following species of Clematis, which sometimes have fancy names! | Probably all parts contain ranunculine which can release the toxic protoanemonine! The skin-etching protoanemonine causes a gastro-intestinal inflammation, with serious belly cramps, followed by diarrhoea and general swelling (oedema). Only deadly after big doses. | 4, 5, 7 | 3 |
| Clematis florida | Ranunculaceae | Clematis: | Clematis | see above | 4, 5, 7 | 3 |
| Clematis heracleifolia DC. | Ranunculaceae | Clematis: | Clematis: | see above | 4, 5, 7 | 3 |
| Clematis integrifolia . | Ranunculaceae | Clematis: | Clematis: | see above | 4, 5, 7 | 3 |
| Clematis jackmannii | Ranunculaceae | Clematis: | Clematis: | see above | 4, 5, 7 | 3 |
| Clematis lanuginosa | Ranunculaceae | Clematis: | Clematis: | see above | 4, 5, 7 | 3 |
| Clematis montana Buch. | Ranunculaceae | Clematis: | Clematis: | see above | 4, 5, 7 | 3 |
| Clematis patens | Ranunculaceae | Clematis: | Clematis: | see above | 4, 5, 7 | 3 |
| Clematis recta L. | Ranunculaceae | Clematis: | Clematis: | see above | 4, 5, 7 | 3 |
| Clematis tangutica Maxim. | Ranunculaceae | Clematis: | Clematis: | see above | 4, 5, 7 | 3 |
| Clematis texensis | Ranunculaceae | Clematis: | Clematis: | see above | 4, 5, 7 | 3 |
| Clematis vitalba L. | Ranunculaceae | Clematis: | Clematis: | see above | 4, 5, 7 | 3 |
| Clematis viticella L. | Ranunculaceae | Clematis: | Clematis: | see above | 4, 5, 7 | 3 |
| Prunus padus L. | Rosaceae | Torskers; Vogelkers | Cluster/Bunch
Cherry; Bird Cherry |
Seedkernels contain cyanogenic glycosides (amygdaline) Leaves bast and flowers, another one (prunasine). They cause hydrocyanic/prussic acid to be released in the bloodstream. Is one of the fastest toxins known.. Blocks the breathing of the cells (cytotoxic anoxia), . GET MEDICAL HELP FAST !!! | 4, 7 | 3, 4 Get medical help FAST!!! |
| Polyscias guilfoylei | Araliaceae | ??? | Coffee Tree Plant | ??? | 3, 5 | Wash affected areas |
| Aquilegia vulgaris | Ranunculaceae | Akelei, Wilde | Columbine; Aquilegia | Probably all parts; seeds for sure. Toxic substances not completely known. Alkaloids (a.o. magnoflorine, berberine) were found in rhizomen of a cultivar of A.vulgaris. | 6 | First 4 Then 3, NOT Glauber's salt as laxative! |
| Cotoneaster spp. | Rosaceae | Cotoneaster; Dwergmispel |
Cotoneaster | Seeds: amygdaline, sometimes also the berries, leaves and roots contain minimal quantities of hydrocyanic glycosides (amygdaline, prunasine) | 6 | Moderately toxic to humans in connection with possible gastroenteritis. No known cases of poisoning to animals. |
| Glechoma hederedaceae | Labiatae | Hondsdraf | Creeping Charlie NB: there are two other "Creeping Charlies", which are NOT Toxic: i.e. Lysimachia nummularia and Pilea nummulariafolia | ??? | 3, 7 | ??? |
| Ficus pumila | Moraceae | Klim/hang plant met kleine niervormige blaadjes Kamerplant | Creeping Fig Indoor Plant | ??? | 5 | Wash affected areas. |
| Anemone pratensis | Ranunculaceae | Anemoon | Crocus, Wild Anemone | Glycoside = ranunculine from which develops protoanemonine which is an irritating substance causing first central enervation later on central nervous paralysis with damage to the kidneys as a side effect.. Its taste is so bitter that animals mostly refrain from eating lethal doses. Inflammations of digestive channel and kidneys, accompanied by vomiting, cramps, diatthoea, bloody urine, and collapse. In very rare cases: lethal after an advanced paralysis of breathing. | 4, 7 | 2, 3, 4 |
| Codiaeum spp. | Euphorbiaceae | Crotonsoorten | Croton species | Purgative! | 3, 5 | 2, 3, 4 |
| Euphorbia milii | Euphorbiaceae | Christusdoorn, Kamerplant, inheems in Madagascar | Crown of Thorns, Indoor Plant indigent in Madagascar | Seeds and "The milky sap is as sharp as a wolf's bite", and may be VERY TOXIC. This is true for all Euphorbia species! | 4, 5, 7 | 2, 3, 4 If external contact wash with MUCH water; if eyes rinse abundantly and contact eye doctor! |
| Coronilla varia L. | Papilioniaceae | Kroonwikke, Kroonkruid | Crown Vetch | Especially leaves and seeds contain coronilline = diverse heartglycosides | 4, 5, 7 | 2, 3, 4 |
| Ecballium elaterium (L.) A.Rich | Cucurbitaceae | Springkomkommer; Spuitaugurk Plant wordt zo nu en dan in tuin gekweekt als curiositeit: 2-3 cm grote bessen vallen af en spuiten sappig vruchtvlees en zaden weg door ontstane opening. | Cucumber family Plant is cultivated as curiosity: 2-3cm. berries fall off and project their sap and seeds through the opening. | Because of curiosity of cats, ABSTAIN from planting them where CATS have access! Contain the complex elaterine, and other not sufficiently known bitter substances with a triterpene structure. The bitter substances cause strong irritation of the stomach and intestine. A dose of 1 grm. of elaterine can cause degeneration of liver and kidneys in humans! | 4, 7 | Get medical help FAST. NO PURGING. Give them MILK |
| Cyclamen spp. | Primulaceae | Alpenviooltje Varkensbrood Cyclaam | Cyclamen | Probably all parts contain a saponine (cyclamine), which can cause gastroenteritis. | 4, 7 | 2, 3, 4 |
| Euphorbia cyparissias L. | Euphorbiaceae | Cipreswolfsmelk | Cypress Spurge Euphorbia | Seeds and "The milky sap is as sharp as a wolf's bite", and may be VERY TOXIC. This is true for all Euphorbia species! | 4, 5, 7 | 2, 3, 4 If external contact wash with MUCH water; if eyes rinse abundantly and contact eye doctor! |
| Chrysanthemum spp. | Compositae | Chrysanten soorten Tuin- en Kamerplant | Daisy; Marguerite; Mums; Spider Mum; Chrysanthemum Out- and Indoor Plant | Some sources mention these Chrysanthemum species giving no further particulars.See therefore Chrysanthemum vulgare, Tansy, Common??? | 3, 5 | 2, 3, 4 |
| Gaillarda grandiflora | Compositae | Kokardebloem | Daisy, Fiesta | ??? | 5 | Wash affected parts |
| Taraxacum officinale Wiggers | Compositae | Paardebloem | Dandelion | Mainly in roots and flowerstalks the bitter substance taraxine. Children collecting the plant frequently get allergic skin reactions. Consumption of great quantities is toxic (gastro-intestinal and heart rythm disturbances. | 3, 5 | 2, 3, 4 Wash in case of skin contact. |
| Daphne laureola L. | Thymelaceae | Peperboompje, Zwart | Daphne (?) Peppertree, Black | Berries and juice from bark and bast contain resinlike esters (mezereine in the seeds) and daphnetoxine (bast) are strongly skin-etching. Because of the sharp taste danger of poisoning is slight but the attractive red berries are a danger to children and inexperienced kittens. | 4, 5, 7 | 3, 4 Give oily or slimy fluids to drink. No laxatives Get medical help FAST! |
| Daphne mezereum | Thymelaceae | Peperboompje | Daphne (?) Peppertree | see above | 4, 5, 7 | 3, 4 Give oily or slimy fluids to drink. No laxatives Get medical help FAST! |
| Lolium temulentum L. | Graminae | Dolik; Raaigras | Darnell Grass, Annual; Rye Grass, Awned | The alkaloids: temuline, perloline and norloline are mentioned but some authors say the presence of temuline is caused by a fungus (Endoconidium temulentum). Poisoning seems to affect the central nervous system, but instances have become rare as the seeds of grains like oats and barley have become more effectively purified nowadays. The plant itself rarely occurs in the fields because of selective weed control. | 4, 7 | 2, 3, 4 |
| Datura stramonium | Solanaceae | Doornappel | Datura; Thornapple; Jimson Weed | Hyoscyamine, atropine. Paralyzes the nervous system. VERY poisonous, especially the berries. | 4, 7 | 3, 4 Get medical help FAST! |
| Hemerocallis spp. | Liliaceae | Daglelie; Hemerocallis | Day Lily; Stella d'oro | ??? | 6 | ??? |
| Atropa belladonna | Solanaceae | Wolfskers | Deadly Nightshade Belladonna Henbane | Atropine: Increased heartfrequency Hallucinations Carni- and omnivores seem to be more susceptible than herbivores. | 4, 7 | 2, 3, 4 (which is often difficult because of swallowing difficulties). Get medical help VERY FAST!!! |
| Delphinium menziesii | Ranunculaceae | Ridderspoor, zoals voorkomend in kustgebied van Californie | Delphinium (menziesii) In coastal area of California | Delphinine is DEADLY poisonous in THIS plant even for cattle and horses. Sheep seem to be insensitive to it. See for delphinine below. | 4, 7 | 2, 3, 4 Get medical help FAST! Keep warm when necessary |
| Delphinium x cultorum Voss | Ranunculaceae | Ridderspoor, Bastaard- | Delphinium, Bastard | All parts especially unripe fruits and seeds contain the alkaloid delphinine and other alkaloids. | 4, 7 | 2, 3, 4 Get medical help FAST! Keep warm when necessary |
| Delphinium spp. | Ranunculaceae | Ridderspoor soorten | Delphinium Larkspur species | see above | 4, 7 | 2, 3, 4 Get medical help FAST! Keep warm when necessary |
| Delphinium ajacis L. emend. J.Gray | Ranunculaceae | Tuinridderspoor | Delphinium, Garden- | see above | 4, 7 | 2, 3, 4 Get medical help FAST! Keep warm when necessary |
| Delphinium consolida L. | Ranunculaceae | Ridderspoor, Wilde | Delphinium, Wild | see above | 4, 7 | 2, 3, 4 Get medical help FAST! Keep warm when necessary |
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| English name unknown | -to- | Aquilegia |
| Aquilegia | -to- | Bird of Paradise |
| Bird of Paradise | -to | China Berry |
| Devil-in-a-Bush | -to- | Hackberry |
| Hackberry | -to- | Kaffir Lily |
| Kaffir Lily | -to- | Monstera |
| Monstera | -to- | Pieris |
| Pieris | -to- | Snakeroot |
| Snakeroot | -to- | Yew Tree |
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Updated last on 08/05/99 22:42:39 by Hans