127

ORDNANCE

REFERENCES:

A. NAVEDTRA 12308, AVIATION ORDNANCEMAN 3 & 2
B. OPNAVINST 8600.2B, NAVAL AIRBORNE WEAPONS MAINTENANCE PROGRAM
C. OPNAVINST 8023.2C, ORDNANCE CERTIFICATION PROGRAM
D. NAVEDTRA 12000, AIRMAN
E. NAVAIR 28-SSQ-500-1, SONOBUOYS
F. NAVAIR 01-700, AIRBORNE WEAPONS/STORES, MANUALS/CHECKLIST PUBLICATION INDEX
G. NAVAIR 28-10A-501, AERIAL TOW TARGETS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
H. SECNAVINST 5510.35, NUCLEAR WEAPON (PRP)
I. NAVAIR 00-80T-103, NATOPS CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS HANDLING PROCEDURES MANUAL

127.1 BRIEFLY EXPLAIN THE FUNCTION OF THE FOLLOWING: (REFS A, D, E)

A. GUN SYSTEM (M61A1) - BASICALLY A TUBE CLOSED AT ONE END FROM WHICH A PROJECTILE IS PROPELLED BY THE BURNING GUNPOWDER. DESIGNED FOR EITHER AIR-TO-AIR OR AIR-TO-GROUND GUNNERY MISSIONS. GUN HAS A PILOT SELECTABLE FIRING RATE OF EITHER 4,000 (GUN LOW) OR 6,000 (GUN HIGH) ROUNDS PER MINUTE.

B. ROCKETS - A WEAPON CONTAINING AN EXPLOSIVE SECTION AND A PROPULSION SECTION. SINCE ROCKETS ARE USUALLY LAUNCHED AT CLOSE RANGE, ITS ACCURACY AS A PROPELLED PROJECTILE IS HIGHER THAN THAT OF A FREE-FALLING BOMB DROPPED FROM HIGH ALTITUDE. NON-GUIDED AIR TO GROUND. (ROCKETS)

C. BOMBS - ANY WEAPON OTHER THAN A TORPEDO, MINE, ROCKET OR MISSILE DROPPED FROM AN AIRCRAFT. FREE-FALL EXPLOSIVE WEAPONS AND MAY BE DUMB (UNGUIDED) OR SMART (GUIDANCE SYSTEM). DESIGNED TO BE CARRIED EITHER IN THE BOMB BAY OF AIRCRAFT OR EXTERNALLY UNDER THE WINGS OR FUSELAGE.

D. LASER GUIDED MUNITIONS - LASER GUIDED MUNITIONS ARE BOMBS MODIFIED TO DETECT A TARGET ILLUMINATED BY A LASER BEAM AND STEER TOWARD THE TARGET.

E. PYROTECHNICS - USED TO PRODUCE FLAME OR SMOKE TO BE USED DURING SEARCH AND RESCUE OR AS A REFERENCE POINT IN ANTI SUBMARINE WARFARE AND WIND DIRECTION ETC.

F. MISSILES - A VEHICLE CONTAINING AN EXPLOSIVE SECTION, PROPULSION SECTION AND A GUIDANCE SECTION. ABLE TO CHANGE THEIR DIRECTION OF FLIGHT IN RESPONSE TO SIGNALS FROM OUTSIDE SOURCES. CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO RANGE, SPEED, LAUNCH ENVIRONMENT, MISSION AND VEHICLE TYPE.

G. MINES - UNDERWATER EXPLOSIVE WEAPON PUT INTO POSITION BY SURFACE SHIPS, SUBMARINES OR AIRCRAFT. A MINE EXPLODES ONLY WHEN A TARGET COMES NEAR OR INTO CONTACT WITH IT. PRIMARY OBJECTIVE IS TO EFFECTIVELY DEFEND OR CONTROL VITAL STRAITS, PORT APPROACHES, CONVOY ANCHORAGES, AND SEAWARD COASTAL BARRIERS.

H. TORPEDOES - SELF-PROPELLED UNDERWATER MISSILE USED AGAINST SURFACE AND UNDERWATER TARGETS. THE MK 46 TORPEDO IS THE PRIMARY WEAPON USED IN ANTISUBMARINE WARFARE (ASW). IT IS DESIGNED TO SEARCH, DETECT, ATTACK, AND DESTROY SUBMARINES AND SHIPS.

I. CHAFF - CHAFF IS AN ELECTRONICS COUNTERMEASURES DEVICE. CHAFF ROUNDS CONSIST OF FINE-SHREDDED METAL STRIPS (RADAR REFLECTIVE MATERIAL) CONTAINED IN A CYLINDRICAL METAL CONTAINER. WHEN EJECTED FROM THE CHAFF DISPENSER, THE METAL STRIPS ARE DISPERSED INTO THE ATMOSPHERE TO PROVIDE JAMMING EFFECT AGAINST RADAR.

J. CARTRIDGE ACTIVATED DEVICES (CADS) - CADS ARE SMALL EXPLOSIVE-FILLED CARTRIDGES USED TO FIRE OTHER MISSILES OR RELEASE MECHANISMS. ESCAPE OPERATIONS PERFORMED BY CARTRIDGES AND CADS ARE CANOPY REMOVAL, SEAT EJECTION, STREAMING OF EJECTION SEAT DROGUE CHUTES, AND PARACHUTE OPENING.

K. SONOBUOYS - AN EXPENDABLE ELECTRONIC LISTENING DEVICE DROPPED INTO THE WATER FROM CARRIER-BASED AND LAND-BASED PATROL AIRCRAFT. THE SONOBUOY DETECTS UNDERWATER SOUNDS AND TRANSMITS THESE SOUNDS TO AIRCRAFT.

127.2 EXPLAIN THE NECESSITY OF SETTING A CONDITION INVOLVING HERO, RADHAZ, AND EMCON WHILE HANDLING LIVE ORDNANCE. (REF. I)

ORDNANCE MAY BE ACCIDENTALLY DETONATED OR THEIR PERFORMANCE DEGRADED BY RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) DURING ASSEMBLY, DISASSEMBLY, HANDLING, LOAD OR DOWN LOAD OPERATIONS.

127.3 STATE THE OBJECTIVE OF THE EXPLOSIVE HANDLING QUALIFICATION AND CERTIFICATION (QUAL/CERT) PROGRAM. (REF C)

TO ENSURE THAT EACH PERSON BE CERTIFIED BY THE COMMAND AND BE QUALIFIED TO SAFELY HANDLE ORDNANCE.

127.4 DEFINE THE FOLLOWING MISSILE GUIDANCE TERMS: (REF. A)

A. PASSIVE - IN THE PASSIVE HOMING SYSTEM THE DIRECTING INTELLIGENCE IS RECEIVED FROM THE TARGET. IT IS COMPLETELY INDEPENDENT OF THE LAUNCHING AIRCRAFT. THE MISSILE RECEIVER RECEIVES SIGNALS (RADAR/INFRARED) GENERATED BY THE TARGET, THEN THE MISSILE'S ANGLE OF ATTACK IS CONTROLLED BY THE CONTROL SECTION THAT RECEIVES ELECTRONIC COMMANDS FROM THE GUIDANCE SECTION.

B. SEMI-ACTIVE - IN THE SEMIACTIVE HOMING SYSTEM THE MISSILE GETS ITS TARGET ILLUMINATION FROM AN EXTERNAL SOURCE, SUCH AS A TRANSMITTER CARRIED IN THE LAUNCHING AIRCRAFT. THE RECEIVER IN THE MISSILE RECEIVES THE SIGNALS REFLECTED OFF THE TARGET, COMPUTES THE INFORMATION, AND SENDS ELECTRONIC COMMANDS TO THE CONTROL SECTION.

C. ACTIVE - IN THE ACTIVE HOMING SYSTEM, TARGET ILLUMINATION IS SUPPLIED BY A COMPONENT CARRIED IN THE MISSILE, SUCH AS A RADAR TRANSMITTER. THE RADAR SIGNALS TRANSMITTED FROM THE MISSILE ARE REFLECTED OFF THE TARGET BACK TO THE RECEIVER IN THE MISSILE. THESE REFLECTED SIGNALS GIVE THE MISSILE INFORMATION SUCH AS THE TARGET'S DISTANCE AND SPEED. THIS INFORMATION LETS THE GUIDANCE SECTION COMPUTE THE CORRECT ANGLE OF ATTACK TO INTERCEPT THE TARGET.

127.5 DEFINE THE FOLLOWING ACRONYMS. (REF. A)

A. AGM - AIR LAUNCHED SURFACE ATTACK (LAND OR SEA) GUIDED MISSILE.

B. AIM - AIR LAUNCHED INTERCEPT-AERIAL GUIDED MISSILE.

C. ATM - AIR LAUNCHED TRAINING GUIDED MISSILE.

D. RIM - SURFACE SHIP LAUNCHED INTERCEPT-AERIAL GUIDED MISSILE.

127.6 DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING MISSILES AND STATE THE PURPOSE OF EACH: (REF. B)

A. SPARROW (AIM-7 SERIES) - A SUPERSONIC AIR-TO-AIR SEMI-ACTIVE GUIDED MISSILE. THE MISSILE'S TACTICAL MISSION IS TO INTERCEPT AND DESTROY ENEMY AIRCRAFT IN ALL-WEATHER ENVIRONMENTS. PHOTO

B. AMRAAM (AIM-120) - AIR-TO-AIR ACTIVE MISSILE. ALL WEATHER. LAUNCHED BY F-18.

C. SIDEWINDER (AIM-9 SERIES) - A SUPERSONIC, AIR-TO-AIR MISSILE WITH PASSIVE INFRARED TARGET DETECTION, PROPORTIONAL NAVIGATION GUIDANCE, AND TORQUE-BALANCE CONTROL SYSTEM. PHOTO

D. PHOENIX (AIM-54 SERIES) - AIR-LAUNCHED, AIR-TO-AIR GUIDED MISSILE THAT EMPLOYS ACTIVE, SEMIACTIVE, AND PASSIVE HOMING CAPABILITIES. USED AS A LONG-RANGE, AIR-INTERCEPT MISSILE LAUNCHED FROM F-14 AIRCRAFT. PHOTO

E. HARM (AGM-88 SERIES) - HIGH-SPEED ANTI-RADIATION MISSILE. THE HARM IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE LAUNCHING AIRCRAFT'S AVIONICS, DETECTS, IDENTIFIES, AND LOCATES ENEMY RADARS, DISPLAYS THREAT INFORMATION, AND COMPUTES TARGET PARAMETERS. THE MISSILE OPERATES IN THREE BASIC MODES: SELF PROTECT, TARGET OF OPPORTUNITY, AND PREBRIEF MODES.

F. MAVERICK (AGM-65 SERIES) - A LASER-GUIDED, ROCKET-PROPELLED, AIR-TO-GROUND MISSILE, USED AGAINST FORTIFIED GROUND INSTALLATIONS, ARMORED VEHICLES, AND SURFACE COMBATANTS.

G. SIDEARM (AGM-122A) - SIMILAR TO SIDEWINDER WITH CAPABILITIES OF HARM. SHORT RANGE AIR-TO-GROUND ANTIRADIATION MISSILE THAT IS DESIGNED TO DETECT, HOME ON, AND DESTROY OR DISABLE ENEMY RADAR.

H. PENGUIN (AGM-119B) - FIRE AND FORGET, ANTISURFACE SHIP, MISSILE LAUNCHED BY HELO. THE MISSILE USES INERTIAL GUIDANCE AND INFRARED(IR) HOMING.

I. HARPOON (AGM-84 SERIES) - A SURFACE ATTACK GUIDED MISSILE, AIR-LAUNCHED, ALL-WEATHER ANTI-SHIP ATTACK WEAPON. LOW LEVEL CRUISE TRAJECTORY WITH OVER-THE-HORIZON RANGE MAKING IT LESS SUSCEPTIBLE TO RADAR DETECTION. IT USES ACTIVE GUIDANCE AND HAS COUNTER-MEASURE CAPABILITY.

J. SLAM (AGM-84E-1) - STAND-OFF LAND ATTACK MISSILE. UPGRADED HARPOON. USED FOR LAND ATTACK WITH THE HELP OF DATA PODS.

K. HELLFIRE (AGM-114B) - ANTI-ARMOR WEAPON USED BY MARINE CORPS AND ARMY. LAUNCHED BY HELO.

L. TOW (BGM-71) - ANTI-TANK WEAPON, WIRE GUIDED, LAUNCHED BY HELO.

M. WALLEYE - THE WALLEYE GUIDED WEAPON SYSTEM IS DESIGNED TO DELIVER A SELF GUIDED, HIGH EXPLOSIVE WEAPON FROM AN ATTACK AIRCRAFT TO A SURFACE TARGET. HAS GUIDANCE SECTION, NO PROPULSION SECTION. CAMERA-GUIDED. USED WITH DATA PODS TO GUIDE MISSILE. GLIDE WEAPON. PHOTO

127.7 DESCRIBE THE FIVE TYPES OF BOMBS. (REF. A,D)

A. GENERAL PURPOSE BOMB (LDGP) - LOW-DRAG, GENERAL-PURPOSE BOMBS ARE USED IN MOST BOMBING OPERATIONS. THEIR CASES (BOMB BODY) ARE AERODYNAMICALLY DESIGNED, RELATIVELY LIGHT, AND APPROXIMATELY 45 PERCENT OF THEIR WEIGHT IS MADE OF EXPLOSIVES.

1. SNAKEYE - SNAKEYE FIN ASSEMBLIES ARE USED WITH THE MK-82 AND MK-83 LDGP BOMBS. THEY ARE CAPABLE OF DELIVERING BOMBS AT HIGH SPEED AND LOW ALTITUDE WITHOUT THE DANGER OF DAMAGING THE AIRCRAFT FROM RICOCHETING BOMBS OR FRAGMENTS.

2. LASER GUIDED BOMBS - LDGP BOMBS MODIFIED TO DETECT A TARGET ILLUMINATED BY A LASER BEAM.

3. DESTRUCTOR BOMBS - MODIFIED LDGP BOMB USED AS LAND OR SEA MINE.

B. FIRE BOMB - THIN-SKINNED CONTAINER OF FUEL GEL WHICH RUPTURES UPON IMPACT AND SPREADS BURNING FUEL GEL ON SURROUNDING OBJECTS. DESIGNED FOR USE AGAINST DUG-IN TROOPS, SUPPLY INSTALLATIONS, WOODED STRUCTURES, AND LAND CONVOYS.

C. CLUSTER BOMB - AIR-TO-SURFACE FREE-FALL UNGUIDED WEAPONS FOR DELIVERY FROM LOW-SPEED OR HIGH-SPEED AIRCRAFT.

1. FUEL AIR EXPLOSIVE (FAE) BOMB CLUSTER (CBU-55A/B, CBU-72/B) - EFFECTIVE AGAINST PERSONNEL IN DEFENSIVE POSITION, LIGHT MATERIAL TARGETS, BOOBY TRAPS, FOLIAGE, AND IN CLEARING HELICOPTER LANDING ZONES. CONTAIN BOTH HIGH EXPLOSIVES AND ETHYLENE OXIDE FUEL.

2. ANTITANK (MK 20)/ANTI-PERSONNEL/ANTI-MATERIAL (CBU-59/B) BOMB CLUSTER - USED AGAINST ARMORED VEHICLES, LIGHT MATERIAL AND PERSONNEL TARGETS. WHEN RELEASED FROM AIRCRAFT LINEAR-SHAPED CHARGES CUT THE DISPENSER IN HALF, DISPERSING THE BOMBS/BOMBLETS SPREAD IN FREE-FALL TRAJECTORIES. IF THE BOMB STRIKES A HARD TARGET, SUCH AS CONCRETE OR ARMOR, THE DETONATOR IGNITES THE WARHEAD IMMEDIATELY. IF THE BOMB STRIKES A SOFT TARGET, THE BOMB PENETRATES THE TARGET UNTIL DECELERATION AND PRE-SET DELAY ELEMENT WHICH IGNITES THE STAB DETONATOR AND DETONATES THE WARHEAD. PHOTO

D. HELICOPTER TRAP WEAPON (HTW) MK 115 MOD 0 - RETARDED BOMB USED FOR CLEARING PROSPECTIVE HELICOPTER LANDING SITES. WHEN THE BOMB IMPACTS THE FUZE INSTANTANEOUSLY DETONATES THE WARHEAD, WHICH IN TURN REMOVES ANY VEGETATION FROM AN AREA LARGE ENOUGH TO LAND A HELICOPTER.

E. PRACTICE BOMB - PRACTICE BOMBS ARE USED TO SIMULATE THE SAME BALLISTIC PROPERTIES OF SERVICE BOMBS. CONTAIN NO EXPLOSIVE FILLER BUT MAY HAVE MARKING CHARGES INSTALLED. THE PRIMARY PURPOSE OF PRACTICE BOMBS IS SAFETY WHEN TRAINING NEW OR INEXPERIENCED PILOTS AND GROUND-HANDLING CREWS. MOST DANGEROUS OF ALL BOMBS.

127.8 EXPLAIN THE BASIC FUNCTION OF BOMB RACKS, CANISTERS, SHACKLES, EJECTOR RACKS AND ROCKET LAUNCHERS. (REF A)

A. BOMB RACKS - AIRCRAFT BOMBS, TORPEDOES, MINES, AND OTHER STORES ARE SUSPENDED INTERNALLY OR EXTERNALLY FROM THE AIRCRAFT BY BOMB RACKS. BOMB RACK'S FUNCTION CARRY, ARM AND RELEASE STORES.

B. CANISTERS - USED DURING CERTAIN TACTICAL SITUATIONS TO PROVIDE A VARIETY OF ADDITIONAL OFFENSIVE AND DEFENSIVE CAPABILITIES TO THE AIRCRAFT. THEY ARE USUALLY DETACHABLE UNITS THAT ARE SUSPENDED FROM OTHER INSTALLED SUSPENSION EQUIPMENT OR THEY MAY BE MOUNTED DIRECTLY TO THE AIRCRAFT. THEY PROVIDE A MEANS OF SUSPENDING AND RELEASING ORDNANCE ITEMS SUCH AS AIRCRAFT PARACHUTE FLARES, SONOBUOYS AND PHOTOFLASH CARTRIDGES.

C. SHACKLES - A MEANS FOR SUSPENDING AND RELEASING A MINE, TORPEDO OR EXTERNAL FUEL TANK. IT HAS NO INTEGRAL PROVISIONS FOR ELECTRICAL RELEASES, ELECTRICAL ARMING OR MECHANICAL ARMING. THE MK 8 MOD 5 BOMB SHACKLE IS THE ONLY BOMB SHACKLE CURRENTLY IN USE.

D. EJECTOR RACKS - SERVES SAME PURPOSE AS BOMB RACKS BUT DIFFER IN THAT THEY USE ELECTRICALLY FIRED IMPULSE CARTRIDGES TO EJECT THE WEAPON/STORES FREE OF BOMB RACK. HIGH SPEED FIGHTER AND ATTACK AIRCRAFT CAN CREATE A VACUUM UNDER THE FUSELAGE AND WINGS. THIS VACUUM CAN PREVENT THE WEAPON/STORE FROM ENTERING THE AIRSTREAM AND FALLING TO THE TARGET. IF THIS HAPPENS, THE WEAPON/STORE MAY PHYSICALLY CONTACT THE AIRCRAFT STRUCTURE, CAUSING SERIOUS DAMAGE TO OR LOSS OF THE AIRCRAFT. BOMB EJECTOR RACKS EJECT THE WEAPON/STORE FREE OF THE BOMB RACKS WITH SUFFICIENT FORCE TO OVERCOME VACUUM BUILDUP AND ENSURE A SAFE WEAPON/STORE LAUNCHING ENVIRONMENT.

E. ROCKET LAUNCHERS - AIRCRAFT ROCKET LAUNCHERS (PODS) CARRY AND PROVIDE A PLATFORM TO FIRE ROCKETS. LAUNCHER DESIGN PERMITS MULTIPLE LOADING AND LAUNCHING OF 2.75-INCH AND 5.0-INCH ROCKETS. ROCKET PODS LET ROCKET MOTORS (AND, IN SOME CASES, COMPLETELY ASSEMBLED ROUNDS) STAY IN THE SAME CONTAINER FROM THEIR MANUFACTURE, THROUGH STOWAGE, TO THEIR FINAL FIRING.