REFERENCES

A. NAVEDTRA 12390, AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER
B. NAVAIR 00-80T-114, NATOPS AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL FACILITIES MANUAL
C. NAVAIR 00-80T-105, CV NATOPS
D. NAVAIR 00-80T-106, LHA, LPD, LHD NATOPS
E. OPNAVINST 3710.7P, NATOPS GENERAL FLIGHT AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

114.1 EXPLAIN THE MISSION OF NAVY AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL FACILITIES. (REF B)

TO PROVIDE SAFE ORDERLY EXPEDITIOUS FLOW OF AIRCRAFT.

114.2 DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS AND DISCUSS THEIR APPLICATION TO NAVAL AVIATION. (REF A)

A. IFR (INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES) - RULES GOVERNING THE PROCEDURES FOR CONDUCTING INSTRUMENT FLIGHT. PILOTS MUST COMPLY WITH IFR PROCEDURES WHEN OPERATING THEIR AIRCRAFT IN WEATHER CONDITIONS THAT ARE LESS THAN VFR MINIMUMS.

B. VFR (VISUAL FLIGHT RULES) - RULES THAT GOVERN THE PROCEDURES FOR CONDUCTING FLIGHT UNDER VISUAL CONDITIONS. WHILE OPERATING IN ACCORDNACE WITH VFR, THE PILOT IS FLYING IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE SEE-AND-AVOID CONCEPT. WHILE FLYING IN WEATHER CONDITIONS THAT ARE EQUAL TO OR GREATER THAN MINIMUM VFR REQUIREMENTS, THE PILOT HAS THE PRIMARY RESPONSIBIILTY OF AVOIDING A COLLISION.

C. IMC (INSTRUMENT METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS) - METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF VISIBILITY, DISTANCE FROM CLOUDS, AND CEILING LESS THAN THE MINIMUM SPECIFIED FOR VISUAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS.

D. VMC (VISUAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS) - METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF VISIBILITY, DISTANCE FROM CLOUDS, AND CEILING EQUAL TO OR BETTER THAN SPECIFIED MINIMUMS.

E. ILS (INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM) - A PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACH SYSTEM THAT PROVIDES ALIGNMENT AND DESCENT GUIDANCE TO THE PILOT. IT CONSISTS OF 3 BASIC COMPONENTS: A HIGHLY DIRECTIONAL TRANSMITTER, KNOWN AS LOCALIZER, A TRANSMITTER TO PROVIDE A GLIDEPATH, KNOWN AS THE GLIDE SLOPE TRANSMITTER, AND MARKER BEACONS TO PROVIDE ACCURATE FIXES ALONG THE APPROACH PATH.

MLS (MICROWAVE LANDING SYSTEM) - AN INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM OPERATING IN THE MICROWAVE SPECTRUM THAT PROVIDES LATERAL AND VERTICAL GUIDANCE TO AIRCRAFT HAVING COMPATIBLE AVIONICS EQUIPMENT.

F. NDB (NONDIRECTIONAL BEACON)- AN L/MF OR UHF RADIO BEACON TRANSMITTING NON-DIRECTIONAL SIGNALS WHEREBY THE PILOT OF AN AIRCRAFT EQUIPPED WITH DIRECTION-FINDING EQUIPMENT CAN DETERMINE HIS OR HER BEARING TO OR FROM THE RADIO BEACON AND "HOME" ON OR TRACK TO OR FROM THE STATION.

G. VOR (VERY HIGH FREQUENCY OMNI-DIRECTIONAL RANGE) - A GROUND-BASED ELECTRONIC NAVIGATION AID TRANSMITTING VERY HIGH FREQUENCY NAVIGATION SIGNALS, 360 DEGREES IN AZIMUTH, ORIENTED FROM MAGNETIC NORTH. IDENTIFIES ITSELF BY MORSE CODE AND MAY HAVE ADDITIONAL VOICE IDENTIFICATION FEATURE. VOICE FEATURES MAY BE USED BY ATC FOR TRANSMITTING INSTRUCTIONS/INFORMATION TO PILOTS.

H. TACAN (TACTICAL AIR NAVIGATION) - AN ULTRA-HIGH FREQUENCY ELECTRONIC AIR NAVIGATION AID THAT PROVIDES SUITABLY EQUIPPED AIRCRAFT A CONTINUOUS INDICATION OF BEARING AND DISTANCE TO THE TACAN STATION.

I. VORTAC (VERY HIGH FREQUENCY OMNI-DIRECTIONAL RANGE AND TACTICAL AIR NAVIGATION) - A NAVIGATION AID PROVIDING VOR AZIMUTH, TACAN AZIMUTH, AND TACAN DISTANCE MEASURING EQUIPMENT (DME) AT ONE SITE.

114.3 DEFINE AND DESCRIBE THE FUNCTIONS OF THE FOLLOWING: (REF A,B)

A. CONTROL TOWER - A TERMINAL FACILITY THAT USES AIR/GROUND RADIO COMMUNICATIONS, VISUAL SIGNALING, AND OTHER DEVICES TO PROVIDE ATC SERVICES TO AIRCRAFT OPERATING IN THE VICINITY OF AN AIRPORT OR ON THE MOVEMENT AREA. AUTHORIZES AIRCRAFT TO LAND OR TAKE OFF AT THE TOWER OR TO TRANSIT THE AIRPORT TRAFFIC AREA REGARDLESS OF FLIGHT PLAN OR WEATHER CONDITIONS.

B. RATCF (RADAR AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL FACILITY) - FACILITIES THAT PROVIDE TERMINAL RADAR AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SERVICES FROM A RADAR ROOM ENVIRONMENT.

C. GCA (GROUND CONTROLLED APPROACH) - A RADAR SYSTEM OPERATED FROM THE GROUND BY ATC PERSONNEL TRANSMITTING INSTRUCTIONS TO THE PILOT BY RADIO. THE APPROACH MAY BE CONDUCTED BY SURVEILLANCE RADAR (ASR) ONLY OR WITH BOTH SURVEILLANCE AND PRECISION RADAR (PAR).

D. FACSFAC (NAVY FLEET AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL AND SURVEILLANCE FACILITIES) - THE PRIMARY MISSION AT THIS ACTIVITY IS TO PROVIDE AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SERVICES TO AIRCRAFT GOING TO AND FROM OR IN TRANSIT TO AND FROM THE OPAREAS AND COORDINATING SEARCH AND RESCUE OPERATIONS.

E. CATCC (CARRIER AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL CENTER) - THIS IS THE PRIMARY CONTROL OF AIRBORNE AIRCRAFT OPERATING FROM THE ARRIER EXCEPT THOSE CONTROLLED BY CIC (COMBAT INFORMATION CENTER).

114.4 DESCRIBE THE BASIC CONTROL POSITIONS IN EACH OF THE FOLLOWING: (REF A)

A. CONTROL TOWER:

1. LOCAL CONTROLLER - RESPONSIBLE FOR MAINTAINING A CONTINUOUS RADAR AND/OR VISUAL SURVEILLANCE OF THE AIRPORT TRAFFIC AREA AND OTHER MOVEMENT AREAS.

2. GROUND CONTROLLER - RESPONSIBLE FOR EXERCISING GENERAL SURVEILLANCE OF THE AIRPORT MOVEMENT AREA.

3. FLIGHT DATA POSITION - RESPONSIBLE FOR OPERATING INTERPHONES/TELEPHONES AND COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT AS REQUIRED

B. RATCF

1. APPROACH CONTROLLER - RESPONSIBLE FOR COORDINATION AND CONTROL OF ALL INSTRUMENT TRAFFIC WITHIN THE FACILITY OF JURISDICTION.

2. DEPARTURE CONTROLLER - RESPONSIBLE FOR MAINTAINING RADAR SURVEILLANCE OF THE ASSIGNED AREA OF JURISDICTION AND PROVIDING RADAR ATC SERVICES AS REQUIRED.

3. ARRIVAL CONTROLLER - RESPONSIBLE FOR MAINTAINING RADAR SURVEILLANCE OF THE ASSIGNED AREA OF JURISDICTION AND PROVIDING RADAR ATC SERVICES AS REQUIRED.

4. FINAL CONTROLLER - RESPONSIBLE FOR PROVIDING INSTRUCTIONS NECESSARY FOR AN AIRCRAFT TO CONDUCT AN ASR OR PAR.

C. CATCC

1. MARSHAL CONTROLLER - FLIGHTS ENTERING THE CARRIER CONTROL AREA ARE NORMALLY TURNED OVER TO THE MARSHAL CONTROLLER FOR FURTHER CLEARANCE INTO THE MARSHAL PATTERN.

2. APPROACH CONTROLLER - ASSUMES CONTROL OF INBOUND AIRCRAFT FROM THE MARSHAL CONTROLLER.

3. FINAL CONTROLLER - ASSUMES POSITIVE CONTROL WHEN RADAR CONTACT IS ESTABLISHED.

4. AOCC/HDC - AMPHIB - AIR OPERATIONS CENTER/HELO DETECTION CENTER.

114.5 EXPLAIN THE FUNCTIONS OF THE FLIGHT PLANNING BRANCH OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL. (REFS A,B)

PROVIDES FOR PLANNING, RECEIVING, AND PROCESSING FLIGHT PLANS. THIS BRANCH MAINTAINS A CURRENT INVENTORY OF AERONAUTICAL CHARTS, PUBLICATIONS, APPLICABLE DIRECTIVES, AND NOTAM (NOTICES TO AIRMEN) FILES AND PROVIDES FACILITIES FOR AIR CREWS TO CONDUCT FLIGHT PLANNING.

114.6 STATE THE PURPOSE OF THE AIR OPERATIONS MANUAL. (REFS A, E)

GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR THAT STATION. FURTHER DELINEATES NATOPS.

114.7 EXPLAIN THE PURPOSE OF THE GROUND ELECTRONICS MAINTENANCE DIVISION WITH REFERENCE TO AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL EQUIPMENT. (REF B)

REPAIR EQUIPMENT AND MAINTAIN IT.

114.8 EXPLAIN THE PURPOSE OF THE FOLLOWING EQUIPMENT. (REF A)

A. VOICE RECORDER/REPRODUCER - RECORDS UP TO 20 CHANNELS. RECORDS DURING ALL AIR OPERATIONS.

B. WIND INDICATOR - PROVIDES A METHOD FOR PROMPT ISSUANCE OF WIND DIRECTIONS AND VELOCITIES TO PILOTS BY CONTROLLERS.

C. ALTIMETER SETTING INDICATOR - A SPECIAL FORM OF ANEROID BAROMETER. DESIGNED TO INDICATE ALTIMETER SETTING WHEN THE ELEVATION SCALE IS SET TO THE ACTUAL ELEVATION OF THE INSTRUMENT ABOVE SEA LEVEL.

D. PORTABLE TRAFFIC CONTROL LIGHT - A "LIGHT GUN" IS A HAND-HELD DIRECTIONAL LIGHT SIGNALING DEVICE WHICH EMITS A BRILLIANT NARROW BEAM OF WHITE, GREEN, OR RED LIGHT AS SELECTED BY THE CONTROLLER. THE COLOR AND TYPE OF LIGHT TRANSMITTED CAN BE USED TO APPROVE OR DISAPPROVE ANTICIPATED PILOT ACTIONS WHERE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE. THE LIGHT GUN IS USED FOR CONTROLLING TRAFFIC OPERATING IN THE VICINITY OF THE AIRPORT AND ON THE AIRPORT MOVEMENT AREAS.

E. AIRFIELD ROTATING BEACON - MILITARY BEACON DISPLAYS AN ALTERNATING GREEN AND DUAL PEAKED (TWO QUICK) WHITE FLASHES (ONE GREEN AND TWO WHITE FLASHES). CIVILIAN BEACON DISPLAYS AN ALTERNATING GREEN AND WHITE FLASHES (ONE GREEN AND ONE WHITE FLASH). LETS PILOT KNOW THERE IS A LANDING AREA.

F. BRIGHT RADAR ALPHANUMERIC DISPLAY SYSTEM (BRANDS) - TOWER RADAR THAT INTERFACES DIRECTLY WITH THE SURVEILLANCE RADAR AND THE TPX-42 DIRECT ALTITUDE AND IDENTITY READOUT(DAIR) SYSTEM. WHEN PROPERLY USED, TOWER RADAR SYSTEMS REDUCE SEQUENCING AND TRAFFIC FLOW PROBLEMS AND GIVE YOU AN EARLIER, MORE ACCURATE LOOK AT DEVELOPING SITUATIONS. BY PROVIDING CONTROLLERS WITH THE EXACT LOCATION OF TRAFFIC, TOWER RADAR INDICATORS ENABLE THEM TO SEQUENCE TRAFFIC MORE ACCURATELY.

G. VISUAL COMMUNICATIONS (VISCOM) - A COORDINATION DEVICE BETWEEN THE RADAR CONTROLLER AND THE CONTROL TOWER. VISCOM PROVIDES A SEQUENCE OF LIGHTS AND SWITCHES THAT SUPPLEMENTS OTHER CIRCUITS ON THE INTERPHONE SYSTEM AND SERVES TO REDUCE THE NUMBER OF VOICE CONTACTS BETWEEN THE TOWER AND RADAR CONTROLLER.

114.9 DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING TYPES OF RADAR APPROACHES: (REF A,C)

A. PRECISION APPROACH (PAR) - PRECISE CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS ARE ISSUED TO THE PILOT SO THAT HE MAY ALIGN THE AIRCRAFT ON THE GLIDEPATH AND COURSE LINE.

B. SURVEILLANCE APPROACH (ASR) - ONLY RANGE AND AZIMUTH INFORMATION IS SUPPLIED TO THE PILOT. DESCENT IS ACCOMPLISHED BY THE PILOT DESCENDING AT A PREDETERMINED ALTITUDE KNOWN AS THE MINIMUM DESCENT ALTITUDE (MDA).

C. TACAN APPROACH - TACTICAL AIR NAVIGATION - 120 AIRCRAFT CAN RECEIVE RADAR AND DME.

D. ILS APPROACH - INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM - RADAR AND DME

114.10 DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING VISUAL/VFR APPROACHES: (REF A)

A. VISUAL APPROACH - STRAIGHT IN APPROACH.

B. OVERHEAD APPROACH/360 DEGREE OVERHEAD PATTERN - PILOTS MUST BE 500 FT OVER THE PATTERN, AT SECOND 180 DEGREE PASS, HE'LL BE AT PATTERN ALTITUDE.

114.11 DEFINE THE FOLLOWING SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE AREAS: (REF A)

A. MILITARY OPERATING AREAS - DESIGNATED AREAS THAT ALLOW MILITARY OPERATIONS (GUNS, BOMBING RUNS, ETC.)

B. MILITARY TRAINING ROUTES - PUBLISHED ROUTES THAT HAVE IR (HIGH ALTITUDE), VR (VISUAL ROUTE-LOW ALTITUDE).

114.12 STATE THE PURPOSE OF AN AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL DEPARTURE CLEARANCE. (REF A)

MUST HAVE SO MUCH TIME OR DISTANCE BETWEEN DEPARTURES FOR SAFETY.

114.13 DESCRIBE THE EFFECTS OF "WAKE TURBULENCE" TO INCLUDE
(REF A)

A. WING TIP VORTICES - TRAILING MASSES OF DISTURBED AIR CREATED BY THE WING OF AN AIRCRAFT AS IT PRODUCES LIFT. AN AIRCRAFT CREATES TWO SUCH VORTICES WITH ROTATIONAL AIR MOVEMENT, ONE TRAILING EACH WINGTIP.

B. THRUST STREAM TURBULENCE - A TYPE OF WAKE TURBULENCE ASSOCIATED WITH GROUND OPERATIONS SUCH AS TAXIING AND WARMUP OPERATIONS.

114.14 EXPLAIN THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RUNWAY NUMBERING SYSTEM. (REF A)

RUNWAY ARE NORMALLY NUMBERED IN RELATION TO THEIR MAGNETIC HEADING ROUNDED OFF TO THE NEAREST 10 DEGREES (E.G. MAGNETIC HEADING OF 176 DEGREES WOULD BE RUNWAY 18, MAGNETIC HEADING OF 093 DEGREES WOULD BE RUNWAY 9). AT AIRPORTS USING MULTIPLE PARALLEL RUNWAYS, L INDICATES LEFT, R INDICATES RIGHT, AND C INDICATES CENTER.

114.15 DEFINE THE FOLLOWING CATCC/AOCC/HDC TERMS. (REFS. C,E)

A. ANGELS - ALTITUDE IN THOUSANDS OF FEET.

B. CHERUBS - ALTITUDE IN HUNDREDS OF FEET (APPLIES TO HELO'S ONLY).

C. BRC (BASE RECOVERY COURSE) - THE SHIP'S MAGNETIC HEADING DURING FLIGHT OPERATIONS.

D. FINAL BEARING - THE COMPASS BEARING AN AIRCRAFT INTERCEPTS TO FLY INBOUND TO A SHIP OR AIRPORT. THE READING IS 180 DEGREES OUT OF THE FINAL APPROACH COURSE. IT IS THE EXTENDED CENTERLINE OF THE LANDING AREA OR RUNWAY.

E. CHARLIE - SIGNAL FOR AIRCRAFT TO LAND ABOARD THE SHIP. A NUMBER SUFFIX INDICATES TIME DELAY BEFORE LANDING.

F. DELTA - A SIGNAL GIVEN TO HOLD AND CONSERVE FUEL AT AN ALTITUDE AND POSITION APPROPRIATE TO THE TYPE OF AIRCRAFT AND CASE RECOVERY IN EFFECT.

G. BINGO - AN ORDER TO PROCEED TO AND LAND AT THE FIELD SPECIFIED, BY THE USE OF A BINGO PROFILE. THE AIRCRAFT IS CONSIDERED TO BE IN AN EMERGENCY/FUEL CRITICAL SITUATION.

H. CLARA - A PILOT TRANSMISSION MEANING HE DOES NOT HAVE THE VISUAL LANDING AID (BALL) IN SIGHT.

I. FEET WET/FEET DRY - AIRCRAFT OFF DECK/ON DECK.

J. KILO REPORT - A PILOT CODED REPORT INDICATING AIRCRAFT MISSION READINESS.

K. POPEYE - A PILOT'S TERM USED TO INDICATE THAT HIS AIRCRAFT HAS ENTERED INSTRUMENT METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS (IMC).

L. NEEDLES - THE TERM USED FOR THE PALS DISPLAY OF AZIMUTH AND ELEVATION ERROR SIGNALS. ON MODE I AND II APPROACHES, A NEEDLES CHECK MUST BE PERFORMED TO MAKE SURE THAT THE ERROR SIGNAL DISPLAY ON THE PALS COCKPIT DISPLAY ARE SIMILAR TO THE ERROR SIGNALS BEING TRANSMITTED TO THE AIRCRAFT AND DISPLAYED ON THE PALS CONSOLE. IF THEY ARE DISSIMILAR, THE APPROACH MUST BE DOWNGRADED TO A MODE III.

M. PARROT - MILITARY/IFF TRANSPONDER.

N. PIGEONS - MAGNETIC BEARING AND DISTANCE FROM AN AIRCRAFT TO A SPECIFIC LOCATION.

O. PLAT - PILOT LANDING AID TELEVISION.

P. ZIP-LIP - A CONDITION THAT MAY BE PRESCRIBED FOR FLIGHT OPERATIONS DURING DAYLIGHT VMC CONDITIONS, UNDER WHICH POSITIVE COMMUNICATIONS CONTROL IS WAIVED, AND RADIO TRANSMISSIONS BETWEEN PILOTS AND CONTROL AGENCIES ARE HELD TO THE MINIMUM NECESSARY FOR FLIGHT SAFETY.

114.16 DEFINE THE FOLLOWING: (REF A,C,D)

A. CARRIER CONTROL AREA - 50 MILES, UNLIMITED ALTITUDE

B. CARRIER CONTROL ZONE - 5 MILES, UP TO 3000 FEET

114.17 DESCRIBE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CASE I, CASE II, AND CASE III LAUNCHES/RECOVERIES AND WHO DETERMINES THE DEGREE OF CONTROL USED. (REFS A,C)

CASE I

1. APPROACH - APPROPRIATE WHEN IT IS ANTICIPATED THAT FLIGHT WILL NOT ENCOUNTER INSTRUMENT CONDITIONS AT ANY TIME DURING THE DESCENT, BREAK, AND FINAL APPROACH. A CEILING OF 3,000 FEET AND VISIBILITY OF 5 MILES WITHIN THE CARRIER CONTROL ZONE ARE REQUIRED.

2. RECOVERY - ALL RETURNING FLIGHTS MUST CHECK IN WITH MARSHAL CONTROL WHEN ENTERING THE CONTROL AREA OR WHEN THEY ARE RELEASED BY ANOTHER CONTROLLING AGENCY. NORMALLY THE FLIGHT LEADER IS SWITCHED TO TOWER CONTROL AFTER HE/SHE REPORTS THE SHIP IN SIGHT AND WITHIN 10 MILES.

CASE II

1. APPROACH - APPROPRIATE WHEN WEATHER CONDITIONS ARE SUCH THAT THE FLIGHT MAY ENCOUNTER INISTRUMENT CONDITIONS DURING THE DESCENT BUT VISUAL CONDITIONS OF AT LEAST A 1,000 FOOT CEILING AND A 5 MILE VISIBILITY EXIST AT THE SHIP.

2. RECOVERY - CATCC USES CLOSE CONTROL UNTIL THE PILOT IS INSIDE 10 MILES AND REPORTS THE SHIP IN SIGHT; FLIGHTS WILL BE SHIFTED TO TOWER CONTROL AND WILL PROCEED AS IN CASE I.

CASE III

1. APPROACH - APPROPRIATE WHEN THE EXISTING WEATHER AT THE SHIP IS BELOW CASE II MINIMUMS, AND DURING ALL FLIGHT OPERATIONS CONDUCTED BETWEEN 1/2 HOUR AFTER SUNSET AND 1/2 HOUR BEFORE SUNRISE.

2. RECOVERY - CATCC CONTROLS THE DESCENT AND APPROACH. THIS TYPE OF RECOVERY SHOULD ONLY BE MADE BY SINGLE AIRCRAFT EXCEPT THOSE CASES WHERE AN AIRCRAFT WITH INOPERATIVE RADIO OR NAVIGATIONAL EQUIPMENT IS BROUGHT DOWN ON THE WING OF ANOTHER AIRCRAFT.

114.18 STATE THE PERSON DESIGNATED TO DETERMINE THE DEGREE OF CONTROL USED DURING LAUNCHES AND RECOVERIES. (REFS A,C)

THE AIR OPERATIONS OFFICER DETERMINES THE TYPE OF APPROACH AND REQUIRED DEGREE OF CONTROL.

114.19 STATE THE PRECAUTIONS USED WHEN CLOSE PROXIMITY OPERATIONS ARE IN PROGRESS. (REFS C,D)

KEEP OPEN COMMUNICATIONS TO COORDINATE AIR SPACE.

114.20 DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING: (REF A)

A. FRESNEL LENS OPTICAL LANDING SYSTEM (FLOLS) - USED TO PROVIDE THE PILOT WITH A VISUAL INDICATION OF RELATIVE POSITION WITH RESPECT TO A PRESCRIBED GLIDE SLOPE. REFERRED TO AS THE MEATBALL OR BALL. A YELLOW BAR OF LIGHT IS DISPLAYED. WHEN THE BALL IS HIGH, THE PILOT IS ABOVE THE GLIDE SLOPE, WHEN THE BALL IS LOW, THE PILOT IS BELOW GLIDE SLOPE.

B. MANUALLY OPERATED VISUAL LANDING AID SYSTEM (MOVLAS) - AN EMERGENCY SIGNALLING SYSTEM THAT IS INTENDED TO BE USED WHEN THE PRIMARY OPTICAL LANDING SYSTEM IS RENDERED INOPERATIVE.

114.21 DESCRIBE THE PURPOSE OF THE FOLLOWING CCA EQUIPMENT:
(REFS A,C)

A. PRECISION APPROACH LANDING SYSTEM (PALS/AUTOMATIC CARRIER LANDING SYSTEM (ACLS) - FORMERLY CALLED THE AUTOMATIC CARRIER LANDING SYSTEM (ACLS). IT INCLUDES THE SPN-42, AN/SPN-46, AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS THAT ENABLE PILOTS TO PERFORM PRECISION INSTRUMENT APPROACHES UNDER MANUAL OR AUTOMATIC CONTROL.

B. SPN-41/INDEPENDENT LANDING MONITOR (ILM) - USED BY THE PILOT TO MONITOR HIS PROGRESS DURING A FULLY AUTOMATIC APPROACH (ACLS), IT ALSO PROVIDES AN INSTRUMENT APPROACH TO THE SHIP. IT PROVIDES GUIDANCE INFORMATION (GLIDE PATH AND COURSE) IN EXCESS OF 20 MILES.