REFERENCES:

A. NAVEDTRA 12329, AVIONICS TECHNICIAN 3
B. NAVEDTRA 10370, AEROGRAPHER'S MATE SECOND CLASS, VOL 1
C. NAVEDTRA 12000, AIRMAN

112.1 DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING TERMS PERTAINING TO MEASUREMENTS: (REF. A)

A. METRIC UNITS OF LENGTH - ARE BASED ON THE STANDARD METER WHICH WAS FIRST INTENDED TO BE ONE TEN-MILLIONTH PART OF THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE EARTH'S EQUATOR AND ONE OF THE POLES.

B. ENGLISH UNITS OF MEASURE - THE ENGLISH SYSTEM USES THE FOOT FOR DISTANCE. THE POUND AVOIRDUPOIS FOR MASS AND THE SECOND FOR TIME, THUS, IT IS CALLED THE FOOT POUND SECOND SYSTEM OR FPS SYSTEM.

C. TEMPERATURE

(1) FAHRENHEIT - THE FAHRENHEIT SCALE WAS INVENTED IN 1710. THE SCALE HAS 180 DIVISION OR DEGREES BETWEEN THE FREEZING(32F) AND BOILING (221F)
(2) CELSIUS - THIS SCALE HAS REFERENCE POINTS WITH RESPECT TO WATER OF 0C FOR FREEZING AND 100C FOR BOILING.
(3) ABSOLUTE (KELVIN) - ON THIS SCALE WATER FREEZES AT 273K AND WATER BOILS AT 373K AT ABSOLUTE ZERO IS CONSIDERED TO WHERE NO MOLECULAR ACTIVITY EXIST.

112.1 DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS PERTAINING TO MEASUREMENTS OF MATTER. (REF B)

A. MASS - THE MEASURE OF THE QUANTITY OF MATTER WHICH A BODY CONTAINS. THE MASS OF A BODY IS CONSTANT NO MATTER WHERE THE BODY IS LOCATED.

B. GRAVITY - THE GRAVITATIONAL ATTRACTION EXERTED BY THE EARTH ON A BODY. A BODY WEIGHS LESS A MILE ABOVE SEA LEVEL AND WEIGHS MORE A MILE BELOW SEA LEVEL.

C. WEIGHT - THE FORCE WITH WHICH A BODY IS ATTRACTED TOWARD THE EARTH, AND BECOMES LESS AS THE BODY IS MOVED AWAY FROM THE EARTH'S SURFACE.

D. VOLUME - THE AMOUNT OF SPACE ENCLOSED WITHIN THE BOUNDING SURFACES OF A BODY.

E. DENSITY - MASS OVER VOLUME

112.3 EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWING AS APPLIED TO ATOMS: (REF A)

A. ELECTRONS - A NEGATIVELY CHARGED PARTICLE THAT ORBITS THE NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM.

B. PROTONS - A POSITIVELY CHARGED PARTICLE WITHIN THE NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM.

C. NEUTRONS - A PARTICLE HAVING THE WEIGHT OF A PROTON BUT CARRYING NO ELECTRICAL CHARGE LOCATED WITHIN THE NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM.

D. ATOMS - THE SMALLEST UNITS THAT MAKE UP THE MOLECULE

E. NUCLEUS - THE CORE OF THE ATOM WHICH CONTAINS PROTONS AND NEUTRONS CLOSELY PACKED TOGETHER WITH ELECTRONS REVOLVING AROUND IT. THE PART OF AN ATOM THAT HAS THE MOST MASS. NUMBER OF PROTONS IN THE NUCLEUS DETERMINES THE TYPE OF MATTER.

112.4 EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWING TERMS PERTAINING TO MOTION: (REFS A,B)

A. INERTIA -IS THE PROPERTY OF MATTER TO RESIST ANY CHANGE IN ITS STATE OF REST OR MOTION.

B. ACCELERATION - ANY CHANGE IN THE STATE OF MOTION OF A BODY.

C. SPEED - RATE AT WHICH SOMETHING MOVES IN A GIVEN AMOUNT OF TIME.

D. VELOCITY - A RATE AT WHICH A BODY MOVES IN A GIVEN DIRECTION .

112.5 EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWING EXPRESSIONS OF MOTION. (REF B)

A. POTENTIAL ENERGY - ENERGY OF POSITION

B. KINETIC ENERGY - ENERGY OF MOTION

C. EFFICIENCY - ACCOMPLISHING SAME EFFECT WITH LESS MOTION

D. FRICTION - RESISTANCE TO MOVEMENT DUE TO CONTACT BETWEEN TWO BODIES.

E. MECHANICAL ADVANTAGES - SIMPLE TOOLS (WEDGES, LEVERS, PULLEYS) ALLOW YOU TO DO WORK MORE EFFICIENTLY WITH SAME FORCE.

112.6 DEFINE THE FOLLOWING LAWS OF MOTION. (REF B, C)

A. NEWTON'S FIRST LAW - OBJECT AT REST WILL REMAIN AT REST OR OBJECT IN MOTION WILL REMAIN IN MOTION UNTIL AN OUTSIDE FORCE ACTS ON IT.

B. NEWTON'S SECOND LAW - IF AN OBJECT MOVING AT UNIFORM SPEED IS ACTED UPON BY EXTERNAL FORCE, THE CHANGE WILL BE IN PROPORTION TO AMOUNT OF FORCE AND INVERSELY PROPORTION TO MASS.

C. NEWTON'S THIRD LAW - FOR EVERY ACTION THERE IS AN EQUAL AND OPPOSITE REACTION.

D. BERNOULLI'S PRINCIPLE - WHEN FLUID FLOWING THROUGH TUBE REACHES A CONSTRICTION, SPEED OF FLUID IS INCREASED AND ITS PRESSURE IS DECREASED.

112.7 DEFINE THE FOLLOWING STATES OF MATTER AND THEIR ASSOCIATED TERMS. (REF A)

A. SOLID - MASS

B. LIQUID - CONSIDERED COMPLETELY FLEXIBLE AND HIGHLY FLUID

C. GAS - EVAPORATED LIQUID

D. GAS PRESSURE - GAS IN CONFINED AREA EXERTS PRESSURE IN WEIGHT PER AREA (PSI)

E ABSOLUTE ZERO - NO MOLECULAR MOTION OCCURS.

112.8 STATE THE FOLLOWING GAS LAWS: (REF. B)

A. BOYLE'S LAW - THE VOLUME OF A GAS VARIES INVERSELY WITH ITS PRESSURE PROVIDED THE TEMPERATURE REMAINS CONSTANT. "VARIES INVERSELY" MEANS THAT THE LESS SPACE TO WHICH A GIVEN AMOUNT OF GAS IS CONFINED, THE MORE PRESSURE PER UNIT OF SURFACE AREA IT HAS.

B. CHARLES' LAW - THE VOLUME OF A GAS VARIES DIRECTLY WITH THE TEMPERATURE, PROVIDED THE PRESSURE IS HELD CONSTANT. "VARIES DIRECTLY" MEANS THAT AS THE TEMPERATURE INCREASES, THE VOLUME INCREASES.

112.9 DEFINE THE FOLLOWING METHODS OF HEAT TRANSFER. (REF A)

A. CONDUCTION - SURFACE TO SURFACE CONTACT

B. CONVECTION - FLOW OF GASEOUS MEDIUM (AIR)

C. RADIATION - TRANSFER OF HEAT VIA ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

D. ABSORPTION - RECEIVING END OF RADIATED ENERGY