FIRST AID
REFERENCES:
A. NAVEDTRA 12081, STANDARD FIRST AID TRAINING COURSE
B. NAVEDTRA 12043, BASIC MILITARY REQUIREMENTS
C. NAVEDTRA 10380, AIRCREW SURVIVAL EQUIPMENTMAN 2
103.1 STATE THE THREE PURPOSES OF FIRST AID. (REF. A)
A. SAVE LIVES
B. PREVENT FURTHER INJURIES
C. PREVENT INFECTION
103.2 STATE THE GENERAL FIRST AID RULES. (REF. A)
A. KEEP THE VICTIM LYING DOWN, HEAD LEVEL WITH HIS BODY, UNTIL YOU FIND OUT WHAT KIND OF INJURY AND HOW SERIOUS.
B. EXAMINE THE BODY, MOVING NO MORE THAN NECESSARY.
C. KEEP THE VICTIM REASSURED AND AS COMFORTABLE AS POSSIBLE.
D. DO NOT TOUCH OPEN WOUNDS OR BURNS WITH FINGERS OR OTHER OBJECTS EXCEPT WHEN STERILE COMPRESS OR BANDAGES ARE NOT AVAILABLE AND IT IS ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY TO STOP SEVERE BLEEDING.
E. DO NOT TRY TO GIVE AN UNCONSCIOUS PERSON ANY SOLID OR LIQUID SUBSTANCE BY MOUTH.
F. IF BONE IS BROKEN, OR YOU SUSPECT THAT ONE IS BROKEN, DO NOT MOVE UNTIL YOU HAVE IMMOBILIZED THE INJURED PART.
G. WHEN TRANSPORTING AN INJURED PERSON ALWAYS SEE THAT THE LITTER IS CARRIED FEET FORWARD NO MATTER WHAT THE INJURIES ARE.
H. KEEP THE VICTIM WARM ENOUGH TO MAINTAIN NORMAL BODY TEMPERATURE.
103.3 DESCRIBE THE FOUR METHODS FOR CONTROLLING A HEMORRHAGE. (REF A)
A. DIRECT PRESSURE: MOST EFFECTIVE METHOD TO USE. BLEEDING CAN BE STOPPED BY THE APPLICATION OF PRESSURE DIRECTLY ON THE WOUND.
B. ELEVATION: ELEVATING OR RAISING AN INJURED LIMB ABOVE THE LEVEL OF THE HEART WILL HELP CONTROL BLEEDING.
C. INDIRECT PRESSURE: APPLY PRESSURE TO PRESSURE POINTS IN INSTANCES OF SEVERE BLEEDING.
D. TOURNIQUET: LAST RESORT IF CAN'T CONTROL BLOOD LOSS. APPLY TOURNIQUET ABOVE THE WOUND AND MARK VICTIMS FOREHEAD.
103.4 DESCRIBE THE PROPER USE OF THE FOLLOWING: (REF A)
A. BATTLE DRESSINGS: COME IN THREE SIZES (LARGE, MEDIUM, SMALL) AND HAS FOUR TAILS FOR APPLYING AND SECURING THE DRESSING. KNOT THE DRESSING ABOVE THE WOUND TO ASSIST IN CONTROLLING BLEEDING.
B. COMPRESSES: USED WHEN A STERILE DRESSING IS NOT AVAILABLE, USE THE CLEANEST CLOTH AVAILABLE SHOULD BE LARGE ENOUGH TO COVER THE WOUND AT LEAST 1 INCH ON EACH EDGE.
C. BANDAGES: USED TO HOLD COMPRESSES THAT ARE APPLIED TO THE SURFACE OF THE BODY, TO HELP SECURE SPLINTS, TO CREATE PRESSURE, AND TO IMMOBILIZE JOINTS.
103.5 STATE THE PROCEDURES FOR THE TREATMENT OF A SUCKING CHEST WOUND. (REF A)
SEAL THE HOLE AS SOON AS POSSIBLE WITH AN AIRTIGHT DRESSING ENSURING AIR NO LONGER ENTER THE CHEST CAVITY. ANY MATERIAL THAT IS AIR TIGHT AND WILL COVER THE WOUND IS SUFFICIENT.
103.6 IDENTIFY THE ELEVEN PRESSURE POINTS ON THE BODY. (REF. A)
A. FACIAL - ON THE JAW BONE BETWEEN THE CORNER OF THE MOUTH AND THE CORNER OF THE JAW.
B. SUBCLAVIAN - ABOVE AND UNDER THE CENTER OF THE COLLAR BONE.
C. BRACHIAL - ON THE INNER SIDE OF THE UPPER ARM BETWEEN TRICEPS AND BICEPS.
D. RADIAL/ULNAR - BOTH SIDES OF THE UNDER SIDE OF THE WRISTS.
E. ILIAC - THE POINT WHERE THE LEGS MEET THE TORSO, ON THE CREASE OF THE FRONT AND BACK SIDES.
F. ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR TIBIAL - ANKLE
G. SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL - ON THE TEMPLES OF THE HEAD JUST IN FRONT OF THE TOP OF THE EARS.
H. COMMON CAROTID - ON BOTH SIDES OF THE NECK NEXT TO THE LARYNX (ADAM'S APPLE).
I. FEMORAL - DIRECT PRESSURE ON THE UPPER FEMUR (THIGH BONE).
J. POPLITEAL - BEHIND THE KNEES IN THE ANTERIOR CREASE WHERE THE UPPER AND LOWER LEGS MEET.
103.7 STATE THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES USED IN DETERMINING THE PROPER PRESSURE POINTS TO USE. (REF B)
DETERMINE WHERE MAIN ARTERY TO INJURED PART. PRESS ARTERY AGAINST BONE TO CONSTRICT FLOW OF BLOOD. USE HEEL OF THE HAND, FINGERS, OR THUMB. USE BOTH TYPES OF PRESSURE (DIRECT AND INDIRECT).
103.8 STATE THE FOLLOWING AS APPLIED TO TOURNIQUETS: (REF A)
A. CONDITION THAT WARRANTS THE USE OF A TOURNIQUET. ONLY USED TO CONTROL HEMORRHAGE WHEN OTHER MEANS TO STOP BLEEDING FAIL. EXAMPLE: PARTIALLY OR COMPLETELY SEVERED LIMB. LAST RESORT!
B. PROPER APPLICATION. USE A STICK OR PIECE OF WOOD AND TURN BANDAGE AROUND IT ABOVE WOUND. USE A CRAYON, PENCIL OR BLOOD MARK IN THE FORM OF A 'T' ON THE VICTIMS FOREHEAD OR A MEDICAL TAG ATTACHED TO THE WRIST, AND ADD THE TIME THE TOURNIQUET WAS APPLIED. APPLY BETWEEN THE WOUND AND THE HEART, MAKING IT AS CLOSE TO THE WOUND AS POSSIBLE.
103.9 DISCUSS THE PROPER USE OF SPLINTS. (REF A)
SPLINTS HAVE CERTAIN STANDARDS TO MEET BEFORE BEING APPLIED TO THE INJURED AREA OF THE VICTIM. THEY MUST BE LIGHTWEIGHT, STRONG AND FAIRLY RIGID. APPLY SPLINTS TO THE INJURED PART, INCLUDE THE JOINTS ABOVE AND BELOW THE BREAK, BY FASTENING IT WITH TAPE OR OTHER STRAPPING MATERIAL. CHECK SPLINT EVERY HALF HOUR TO ENSURE SWELLING HAS NOT TIGHTENED IT OR IT HAS BECOME TOO LOOSE.
103.10 STATE THE FOLLOWING AS APPLIED TO FRACTURES. (REF. A)
A. EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OPEN (COMPOUND) AND CLOSED (SIMPLE) FRACTURES.
A CLOSED (SIMPLE) FRACTURE IS ONE WHICH THE INJURY IS ENTIRELY INTERNAL; THE BONE IS BROKEN BUT THERE IS NO BREAK IN THE SKIN. AN OPEN (COMPOUND) FRACTURE IS A BROKEN BONE WITH AN OPEN WOUND IN THE TISSUE AND SKIN.
B. GENERAL RULES IN THE TREATMENT OF FRACTURES.
USE A SPLINT. SPLINT CAN BE MADE FROM ANY OBJECT. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO SET THE BONE. SEEK MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY.
103.11 EXPLAIN THE CARE OF A SUSPECTED FRACTURED SPINE. (REF. A)
STABILIZE HEAD AND NECK. TREAT FOR SHOCK, DO NOT MOVE THE VICTIM, KEEP THE VICTIM WARM AND COMFORTABLE, SEEK MEDICAL HELP.
103.12 DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING AS APPLIED TO BURNS: (REF. B)
A. THREE CLASSIFICATIONS DEGREES OF BURNS.
B. TREATMENT OF BURNS.
A. FIRST DEGREE - MILDEST, PRODUCING REDNESS, INCREASED WARMTH, TENDERNESS AND MILD PAIN. TREATMENT: APPLY COLD WATER APPLICATIONS OR SUBMERGE THE BURNED AREA. APPLY A DRY DRESSING IF NECESSARY.
B. SECOND DEGREE - REDDENED, BLISTERED SKIN AND SEVERE PAIN. TREATMENT: MAINTAIN AN OPEN AIRWAY, IMMERSE THE BURNED AREA IN COLD WATER UNTIL THE PAIN SUBSIDES, TREAT FOR SHOCK AND CONTROL THE BLEEDING IF ANY, REMOVE CONSTRICTING JEWELRY AND ARTICLES OF CLOTHING DUE TO POSSIBLE SWELLING, COVER THE AREA WITH A STERILE DRESSING TO PREVENT INFECTION.
C. THIRD DEGREE - DESTRUCTION OF SKIN, MUSCLE TISSUE AND BONE IN SEVERE CASES. LACK OF PAIN DUE TO NERVE ENDINGS BEING DESTROYED. SKIN COLOR VARIES FROM WHITE TO BLACK. TREATMENT: SAME AS SECOND DEGREE BURN.
103.13 DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING EXPOSURE INJURIES AND THEIR
APPROPRIATE TREATMENT (REF A)
A. HEAT EXHAUSTION - THE MOST COMMON CONDITION RESULTING FROM EXPOSURE TO THE HOT ENVIRONMENT. HEAT EXHAUSTION WILL INVOLVE A SERIOUS DISTURBANCE OF BLOOD FLOW TO THE BRAIN, HEART, AND LUNGS, WHICH MAY CAUSE THE VICTIM TO EXPERIENCE WEAKNESS, FATIGUE, HEADACHE, LOSS OF APPETITE, AND NAUSEA. THE VICTIM WILL APPEAR ASHEN GRAY, THE SKIN WILL BE COLD, MOIST, AND CLAMMY, AND THE PUPILS MAY BE DILATED. THE BODY TEMPERATURE MAY BE BELOW NORMAL.
1. TREATMENT: CARE FOR THE VICTIM AS IF HE WERE IN SHOCK. IF THE VICTIM IS CONSCIOUS, GIVE A SOLUTION OF 1 TEASPOON SALT DISSOLVED IN A QUART OF COOL WATER.
B. HEAT STROKE - MORE ACCURATELY CALLED SUNSTROKE SINCE IT IS NECESSARY TO BE EXPOSED TO THE SUN FOR THIS CONDITION TO DEVELOP. CAUSED BY A BREAKDOWN OF SWEATING MECHANISM AND IS UNABLE TO ELIMINATE EXCESSIVE BODY HEAT. SOMETIMES THE VICTIM MAY HAVE PRELIMINARY SYMPTOMS SUCH AS HEADACHE, NAUSEA, DIZZINESS, OR WEAKNESS. BREATHING WILL BE DEEP AND RAPID AT FIRST, LATER IT WILL BE SHALLOW AND ALMOST ABSENT. USUALLY, THE VICTIM WILL BE FLUSHED, VERY DRY, AND VERY HOT. HIS PUPILS WILL BE CONSTRICTED AND THE PULSE WILL BE FAST AND STRONG.
1. TREATMENT: THE MAIN OBJECTIVE IS TO GET THE BODY TEMPERATURE DOWN AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE. MOVE THE VICTIM TO THE COOLEST POSSIBLE PLACE, AND REMOVE AS MUCH CLOTHING AS POSSIBLE. BODY HEAT CAN BE REDUCED BY IMMERSING THE VICTIM IN A COLD WATER BATH. IF A COLD WATER BATH IS NOT POSSIBLE, GIVE THE VICTIM A SPONGE BATH BY APPLYING WET, COLD TOWELS TO THE WHOLE BODY. EXPOSING THE VICTIM TO A FAN OR AIR CONDITIONER WILL ALSO PROMOTE BODY COOLING. IF COLD PACKS ARE AVAILABLE, PLACE THEM UNDER THE ARMS, AROUND THE NECK, AND IN THE GROIN. IF THE VICTIM IS CONSCIOUS, GIVE HIM COOL WATER TO DRINK.
C. HYPOTHERMIA - GENERAL COOLING OF THE ENTIRE BODY IS CAUSED BY CONTINUED EXPOSURE TO LOW OR RAPIDLY DROPPING TEMPERATURES, COLD MOISTURE, SNOW, OR ICE.
1. TREATMENT: REWARM THE VICTIM AS SOON AS POSSIBLE. THE MOST EFFECTIVE METHOD IS IMMERSION IN A TUB OF WARM WATER. DO NOT IMMERSE THE LIMBS, ONLY THE BODY. IMMERSION OF LIMBS CAUSES COLD BLOOD TO FLOW FROM THEM TO THE BODY CORE. ANOTHER FORM OF TREATMENT IS "BUDDY WARMING". PLACE THE VICTIM NUDE IN A SLEEPING BAG BETWEEN 2 VOLUNTEERS STRIPPED TO THEIR SHORTS TO PROVIDE BODY-TO-BODY HEAT TRANSFER. WHEN APPLYING ARTIFICIAL HEAT (HEATING PADS, WATER BOTTLES) DO NOT PLACE NEXT TO BARE SKIN.
D. IMMERSION FOOT - (TRENCH FOOT) CAUSED BY PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO WET COLD TEMPERATURES JUST ABOVE FREEZING. FEET AND TOES ARE PALE AND FEEL COLD, NUMB, AND STIFF. WALKING BECOMES DIFFICULT.
1. TREATMENT: HANDLE INJURED PART VERY GENTLY. THEY SHOULD NOT BE RUBBED OR MASSAGED. GET THE VICTIM OFF THEIR FEET AS SOON AS POSSIBLE. REMOVE WET SHOES AND SOCKS OR GLOVES TO IMPROVE CIRCULATION. DO NOT RUPTURE BLISTERS OR APPLY OINTMENTS. FEET MAY BE CLEANSED CAREFULLY WITH SOAP AND WATER, DRIED, ELEVATED, AND EXPOSED TO DRY AIR KEEP VICTIM WARM AND TRANSPORT TO A MEDICAL TREATMENT FACILITIES SOON AS POSSIBLE. ALWAYS EVACUATE IMMERSION FOOT VICTIM BY LITTER.
E. FROSTBITE - ICE CRYSTALS FORM IN THE SKIN OR DEEPER TISSUES AFTER EXPOSURE TO A TEMPERATURE OF 32 FAHRENHEIT OR LOWER. FROSTBITE IS CLASSIFIED AS SUPERFICIAL OR DEEP, DEPENDING ON THE EXTENT OF TISSUE INVOLVEMENT.
1. TREATMENT - TAKE THE VICTIM IN DOORS IF POSSIBLE; REWARM HANDS BY PLACING THEM UNDER ARMPITS, AGAINST THE ABDOMEN, OR BETWEEN THE LEGS; REWARM FEET BY PLACING THEM IN THE ARMPIT OR AGAINST THE ABDOMEN OF THE BUDDY, GRADUALLY REWARM THE EFFECTED AREA BY WARM WATER IMMERSION, SKIN TO SKIN CONTACT, OR HOT WATER BOTTLES. NEVER RUB A FROSTBITE AREA. TRANSPORT TO MEDICAL FACILITY.
103.14 DESCRIBE THE EFFECTS OF HYPOXIA. (REF C)
A LACK OF OXYGEN IN THE BLOOD STREAM. TREAT WITH 100% OXYGEN.
103.15 STATE THE FIRST AID PROCEDURES FOR FOREIGN BODIES IN THE EYES (REF. A)
HAVE THE VICTIM LIE DOWN AND TRY TO KEEP THE PERSON CALM. ENSURE THAT THE VICTIM DOES NOT TRY TO RUB THE EYE OR GRAB THE OBJECT. DO NOT UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES ATTEMPT TO REMOVE AN OBJECT THAT IS EMBEDDED IN THE EYEBALL OR THAT HAS PENETRATED THE EYE. IF THE FOREIGN OBJECT IS IMPALED OR STUCK INTO THE EYEBALL, YOU MUST TRY TO PROTECT THE EYE AND MAKE SURE THAT THE OBJECT DOES NOT DAMAGE THE EYE FURTHER BY FOLLOWING THE STEPS LISTED BELOW:
1. TAKE A THICK DRESSING OR SEVERAL DRESSINGS AND CUT A HOLE IN THE MIDDLE, LARGE ENOUGH TO GO OVER THE EYE WITHOUT TOUCHING THE OBJECT.
2. TAKE A PAPER CUP OR ANY OBJECT THAT IS WIDE ENOUGH AND TALL ENOUGH TO ADEQUATELY PROTECT THE OBJECT WITHOUT PUTTING PRESSURE ON THE OBJECT.
3. TAKE A ROLLER BANDAGE AND WRAP IT OVER THE CUP AND AROUND THE HEAD SEVERAL TIMES ENSURING THAT THE CUP AND DRESSING IS SNUG ENOUGH NOT TO COME OFF, BUT NOT TIGHT ENOUGH TO CAUSE DISCOMFORT.
4. COVER UNINJURED EYE TO PREVENT MOVEMENT OF EYES AND FURTHER DAMAGE TO INJURED EYE.
103.16 STATE THE FOLLOWING AS APPLIED TO SHOCK. (REF. A)
A. DEFINITION OF SHOCK: A CONDITION IN WHICH BLOOD CIRCULATION IS SERIOUSLY DISTURBED. CRUSHED OR FRACTURED BONES, BURNS, PROLONGED BLEEDING, AND ASPHYXIA ALL CAUSE SHOCK. IT MAY BE SLIGHT OR IT MAY BE SEVERE ENOUGH TO CAUSE DEATH.
B. CAUSES OF SHOCK: SEVERE INJURY TO ANY PART OF THE BODY.
C. SYMPTOMS OF SHOCK: RESTLESSNESS AND APPREHENSION ARE EARLY SYMPTOMS, OFTEN FOLLOWED BY APATHY. EYES MAY BE GLASSY, DULL AND HAVE DILATED PUPILS. BREATHING MAY BE RAPID OR LABORED. A PERSON IN SHOCK IS USUALLY VERY PALE, BUT IN SOME CASES THERE MAY BE A BLUISH OR REDDISH COLOR TO THE SKIN.
D. TREATMENT FOR SHOCK:
1. SECURE AND MAINTAIN AN OPEN AIRWAY.
2. CONTROL ALL OBVIOUS BLEEDING BY DIRECT PRESSURE.
3. SPLINT FRACTURES. SPLINTING MAY LESSEN BLEEDING AND MINIMIZE PAIN AND DISCOMFORT.
4. ELEVATE THE LOWER EXTREMITIES ABOUT 12 INCHES.
5. PREVENT LOSS OF BODY HEAT BY PUTTING BLANKETS OVER AND UNDER THE VICTIM. DO NOT, HOWEVER, OVERHEAT THE VICTIM.
6. DO NOT GIVE THE VICTIM ANYTHING TO EAT OR DRINK.
7. TRANSPORT TO A DEFINITIVE MEDICAL TREATMENT FACILITY AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.
103.17 STATE THE FOLLOWING AS APPLIED TO ELECTRIC SHOCK: (REF A)
A. RESCUING PERSONNEL CASUALTY. SECURE THE ELECTRICAL POWER. REMOVE VICTIM FROM THE ELECTRICAL SOURCE USING A NON-CONDUCTING DEVICE SUCH AS A ROPE OR WOODEN STICK. ADMINISTER ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION IMMEDIATELY AFTER FREEING THE VICTIM FROM THE SOURCE OF ELECTRICITY IF THE ELECTRICAL SHOCK CAUSED BREATHING TO CEASE.
B. TREATMENT OF ELECTRIC SHOCK. CHECK THE VICTIM'S PULSE, SINCE ELECTRIC SHOCK MAY ALSO CAUSE THE HEART TO STOP. IF YOU DO NOT FEEL A PULSE IMMEDIATELY ADMINISTER CPR.
103.18 DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING METHODS USED IN THE EMERGENCY TRANSPORT OF A PERSONNEL CASUALTY: (REF A)
A. STRETCHER- USE A REGULAR STRETCHER IF ONE IS AVAILABLE, IF YOU MUST USE AN IMPROVISED STRETCHER, BE SURE IT IS STRONG ENOUGH. ALSO BE SURE YOU HAVE ENOUGH PEOPLE TO CARRY THE STRETCHER, SO THAT YOU WILL NOT RUN RISK OF DROPPING THE CASUALTY. FASTEN THE CASUALTY TO THE STRETCHER SO THAT THEY CANNOT SLIP, SLIDE, OR FALL OFF. USE BLANKETS, GARMENTS, OR OTHER MATERIALS TO PAD THE STRETCHER AND TO PROTECT THE CASUALTY FROM EXPOSURE. MOVE THE VICTIM FEET FIRST SO THE STRETCHER BEARER CAN WATCH THE VICTIM FOR SIGNS OF BREATHING DIFFICULTY.
B. FIREMAN'S CARRY- TURN THE CAUSALITY SO THAT THEY ARE LAYING FLAT, WITH HIS FACE DOWN. KNEEL ON ONE KNEE AT THE VICTIM'S HEAD, FACING HIM. PASS YOUR HANDS UNDER THEIR ARMPITS; THEN SLIDE YOUR HANDS DOWN THEIR SIDES AND CLASP THEM ACROSS THEIR BACK. RAISE THE CASUALTY TO THEIR KNEES. TAKE A BETTER HOLD ACROSS THE CASUALTY'S BACK. RAISE THE CASUALTY TO A STANDING POSITION, AND STICK YOUR RIGHT LEG BETWEEN THE CASUALTY'S LEGS. GRASP THEIR RIGHT WRIST IN YOUR LEFT HAND AND SWING THEIR ARM AROUND THE BACK OF YOUR NECK AND DOWN YOUR LEFT SHOULDER. STOOP QUICKLY AND PULL THE CASUALTY ACROSS YOUR SHOULDERS AND SIMULTANEOUSLY PUT YOUR RIGHT ARM BETWEEN THEIR LEGS. GRASP THEIR RIGHT WRIST WITH YOUR RIGHT HAND AND STRAIGHTENED UP.
C. TIED-HANDS CRAWL- MAY BE USED TO DRAG AN UNCONSCIOUS PERSON FOR A SHORT DISTANCE. IT IS PARTICULARLY USEFUL WHEN YOU MUST CRAWL UNDERNEATH A LOW STRUCTURE. TURN THE VICTIM SO THAT THEY ARE LAYING FLAT ON THEIR BACK. CROSS THEIR WRISTS AND TIE THEM TOGETHER. KNEEL ASTRIDE THE CASUALTY AND LIFT THEIR ARMS SO THAT THEIR WRISTS ARE AT THE BACK OF YOUR NECK. WHEN YOU CRAWL FORWARD, RAISE YOUR SHOULDERS HIGH ENOUGH SO THAT THE VICTIM'S HEAD WILL NOT BUMP AGAINST THE DECK.
D. ARM CARRIES- THERE ARE SEVERAL KINDS OF ARM CARRIES THAT CAN BE USED IN EMERGENCIES TO MOVE A INJURED PERSON TO SAFETY, HOWEVER, YOU SHOULD NEVER TRY TO CARRY A PERSON IN THIS MANNER IF THEY ARE SERIOUSLY WOUNDED. UNLESS THE PERSON IS CONSIDERABLY SMALLER THAN YOU ARE, YOU WILL NOT BE ABLE TO CARRY THE CASUALTY VERY FAR BY THIS METHOD. THE TWO MAN CAN SOMETIMES BE USED TO MOVE AN INJURED PERSON, HOWEVER, IT SHOULD NOT BE USED TO CARRY A PERSON WHO HAS SERIOUS WOUNDS OR BROKEN BONES. ANOTHER TWO-MAN CARRY THAT CAN BE USED IN EMERGENCIES IS TWO PEOPLE KNEEL BESIDE THE CASUALTY AT THE LEVEL OF THE HIPS, AND CAREFULLY RAISE THEM TO A SITTING POSITION. EACH PERSON PUTS ONE ARM UNDER THE CASUALTY'S THIGHS; HANDS ARE CLASPED AND ARMS ARE BRACED. BOTH PEOPLE THEN RISE SLOWLY AND STEADILY TO A STANDING POSITION, HOLDING THE CASUALTY. THIS CARRY MUST NOT BE USED TO MOVE A SERIOUSLY INJURED PERSON.
103.19 STATE THE BASIC PRECAUTIONS THAT MUST BE OBSERVED IN TRANSPORTING A PERSONNEL CASUALTY. (REF A)
GIVE FIRST AID BEFORE MOVING IF POSSIBLE. IF POSSIBLE ENSURE THE VICTIM IS LAYING ON THEIR BACK. ENSURE THE CAUSALITY IS SUPPORTED PROPERLY, NECK IMMOBILIZED, INJURED PART PROTECTED AND IMMOBILIZED, KEPT WARM AND PREVENT SHOCK.
103.20 DESCRIBE THE PROCEDURES REQUIRED FOR IMMEDIATE FIRST AID INVOLVING LOSS OF AN EXTREMITY. (REF A)
TRY DIRECT PRESSURE FIRST SECOND IS TO ELEVATE THE WOUND, IF BLEEDING STILL CONTINUES USE INDIRECT PRESSURE. USE OF A TOURNIQUET SHOULD BE AS A LAST RESORT, BUT IN A MAJOR AMPUTATION, YOU WILL PROBABLY NEED TO USE ONE DUE TO HEAVY BLEEDING. ONCE YOU APPLY A TOURNIQUET, DO NOT LOOSEN OR REMOVE IT.