The Constitution: Has Anyone Proofread Our Copies?, Appendix 22

THE CONSTITUTION: HAS ANYONE PROOFREAD OUR COPIES? -- BY NICK LEVINSON

Appendix 22: City Populations

City Residents	2000+			2000+		2000+	1790		1790		1790
(See notes below.)	If Cap	City	Population	Cap Pop	Multi Cities Pop	Ratio of Cap to Multi Cities	City	Population	Cap Pop	Multi Cities Pop	Ratio of Cap to Multi Cities
Delaware	Capital	Dover	32,500	32,500	105,200	31%
		Wilmington	72,700
Pennsylvania	Capital	Harrisburg	48,700	48,700	2,620,700	2%
		Altoona	49,300
		Millcreek	52,200
		Levittown	54,600
		Lancaster	56,200
		Bethlehem	71,200
		Scranton	75,900
		Reading	81,100
		Upper Darby	81,800
		Erie	103,700
		Allentown	106,400
		Pittsburgh	331,300
		Philadelphia	1,508,300
New Jersey	Capital	Trenton	85,100	85,100	1,059,700	8%	Trenton	1,946	1,946	65,107	3%
		Toms River	88,000				Greenwich	2,035
		Edison	99,000				Eastern-Precinct	2,068
		Elizabeth	121,300				Hillsborough	2,201
		Paterson	149,200				Piscataway	2,261
		Jersey City	242,500				North-Brunswick	2,312
		Newark	274,600				Hopewell	2,320
							Bernardstown	2,377
							Hardyston	2,393
							Kingwood	2,446
							Bridgewater	2,578
							South-Amboy	2,626
							Windsor	2,838
							Middletown	3,225
							Upper-Freehold	3,442
							Woodbridge	3,520
							Lower Freehold	3,785
							Lebanon, Readington, & Tewksbury	4,370
							Shrewsbury	4,673
							Amwell	5,201
							Newton, Independence, & Hardwicke	6,490
Georgia	Capital	Atlanta	421,000	421,000	421,000	100%
Connecticut	Capital	Hartford	121,500	121,500	384,500	32%
		New Haven	123,300
		Bridgeport	139,700
Massachusetts	Capital	Boston	591,900	591,900	591,900	100%	Boston	18,038	18,038	18,038	100%
Maine	Capital	Augusta	18,500	18,500	217,400	9%
		Biddeford	21,100
		Auburn	23,100
		South Portland	23,400
		Bangor	31,400
		Lewiston	35,500
		Portland	64,400
Massachusetts including Maine	Capital	Boston	591,900	591,900	591,900	100%	Boston	18,038	18,038	18,038	100%
Maryland	Capital	Annapolis	36,200	36,200	1,790,800	2%
		Woodlawn	36,400
		Hagerstown	36,700
		Montgomery Village	38,600
		North Bethesda	39,200
		Glen Burnie	39,500
		Essex	39,500
		Catonsville	40,200
		Bel Air South	40,600
		Potomac	45,500
		Rockville	48,700
		Bowie	50,900
		Aspen	51,000
		Towson	52,300
		Frederick	54,100
		Gaithersburg	54,300
		Bethesda	56,100
		Germantown	56,300
		Ellicott City	58,100
		Wheaton-Glenmont	58,600
		Dundalk	62,900
		Silver Spring	63,700
		Columbia	90,800
		Baltimore	640,600
South Carolina	Capital	Columbia	116,500	116,500	116,500	100%
New Hampshire	Capital	Concord	40,900	40,900	236,000	17%	Concord	1,747	1,747	29,145	6%
		Nashua	87,200				Chester	1,902
		Manchester	107,900				Chesterfield	1,905
							Weare	1,924
							Dover	1,998
							Westmoreland	2,018
							Amherst	2,369
							Barrington	2,470
							Gilmantown	2,613
							Londonderry	2,622
							Rochester	2,857
							Portsmouth	4,720
Virginia	Capital	Richmond	197,000	197,000	1,063,700	19%	Richmond	3,761	3,761	3,761	100%
		Chesapeake	204,900
		Norfolk	232,300
		Virginia Beach	429,500
West Virginia	Capital	Charleston	53,100	53,100	53,100	100%
Virginia & West Virginia	Capital	Richmond	197,000	197,000	1,063,700	19%	Richmond	3,761	3,761	3,761	100%
New York	Capital	Albany	95,600	95,600	9,153,500	1%	Albany City	3,498	3,498	151,640	2%
		Ramapo	109,900				Montgomery	3,563
		Syracuse	146,600				Half-Moon	3,602
		Yonkers	197,100				Warwick	3,603
		Rochester	219,200				Rhynebeck	3,662
		Buffalo	290,700				S. Hampstead	3,828
		New York	8,094,400				Kingston	3,929
							Caughnewaga	4,261
							Pawling	4,330
							Mowhawk	4,440
							Hills-Dale	4,556
							Livingston	4,594
							Clinton	4,607
							K[i]nderhook (“i”?)	4,661
							Haverstraw	4,826
							Cambridge	4,996
							Washington	5,189
							Fredericks T. (Town?)	5,932
							Fishkill	5,941
							Connasoxharrie	6,156
							Canan Town	6,692
							Stephen Town	6,795
							Bal[i]‘s Town (“i”? “l”?)	7,333
							Ransselaerwick Town	8,318
							City of N York	32,328
North Carolina	Capital	Raleigh	281,200	281,200	837,900	34%
		Charlotte	556,700
Rhode Island	Capital	Providence	173,800	173,800	173,800	100%	Srovidence (sic) (in Providence County)	6,380	6,380	13,096	49%
							Newport	6,716
Total			Total OK	2,313,500	18,825,700	12%		Total OK	35,370	280,787	13%
Notes:
1. “Total OK” in the totals row means that the sum for the column where it appears equals the sum in another column that should have the same sum (i.e., the Population column listing city populations should be matched by the Multi Cities Pop column for the same year), after adjustment to prevent double-counting for Massachusetts, Maine, Virginia, and West Virginia.
2. Data for 2000+ is from 2002 Commercial Atlas & Marketing Guide (Rand McNally, 133d ed. 2002) (population data post 2000) (year and source of population data may vary by city, according to publisher) (estimates as of Jan. 1, 2001, if 25,000 or more or as of 2000 or recently if smaller).
3. Data for 1790 is from Return of the Whole Number of Persons Within the Several Districts of the United States, According to An Act Providing for the Enumeration of the Inhabitants of the United States, Passed March the First, One Thousand Seven Hundred Ninety (Phila.: Joseph Gales) (Woodbridge, Conn., or New Haven, Conn.: Research Publications, microfilm), reel 1 (title in film, immediately preceding images: United States Census of Population 1790.1). (See note 4, infra.)
4. In continuation of note 3, supra (the division of what would be one note being necessitated by a table software limitation), the following is part of the citation therein: “(overwriting in image of title p. ignored; comma after ‘First’ in title uncertain; ‘Ninety’ in title partly determined per id., p. 3) (title on box: U.S. Decennial Census Publications, 1790-1970: Population 1790: 1790.1 thru 1790.7)”. (See note 5, infra.)
5. In continuation of notes 3-4, supra, the following is part of the citation therein: “(data reported as of 1791, per id., p. 3 (‘Truly stated from the original Returns deposited in the Office of the Secretary of State.’/‘TH. JEFFERSON.’/‘October 24, 1791’) (each total is of all individuals in a geopolitical unit)”.
6. The data source listed in notes 3-5, supra, was validated by comparison of small samples of data with that appearing in editions with nearly identical titles, one printed by Childs & Swaine and the other in Philadelphia and reprinted by J. Phillips, London, 1793, both microfilmed on the same reel and identified as image sets [1790.1-1] and [1790.1-2], respectively (bracketing so in original microfilm).
7. Cities listed are the capital and all the more populous cities of each state, except that whatever city was the capital in 2000 was presumed to have been the capital in 1790 and whether Maine and West Virginia had capitals in 1790 is unknown but presumed (if they lacked capitals, that would be insignificant; see notes 13 & 14, respectively, infra). For 1790, some city or town data was lacking, sometimes within entire states.
8. Cities, towns, and any similar geopolitical units other than counties and parishes (if parishes in one state are equivalent to counties in other states) are treated as comparable; the 1790 Census refers to most subcounty or subparish localities as towns.
9. Multiple localities may have the same name, even within the same state, whether all are in this table or not.
10. Cities may be as defined by states or by U.S. Bureau of the Census. For Silver Spring, Md., population figures are available for both definitions: 77,700 for the Census-defined boundaries and 63,700 for the state-defined boundaries.
11. Boundaries of states and localities may have changed between 1790 and the latest date for data in this table, one major example being New York City. Boundary changes were not reflected in this table, comparison being based on place name or other boundary-independent information.
12. That a locality with a given name in 1790 is not the locality with the same name in modern times is entirely possible.
13. For Massachusetts and Maine, since in 1790 Maine was part of Massachusetts, the capital of Massachusetts and the more populous cities of both states are used for data needed for comparison to 1790 data.
14. For Virginia and West Virginia, since in 1790 census data for both were combined, the capital of Virginia and the more populous cities of both states are used for data needed for comparison to 1790 data.

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URL: http://www.GeoCities.com/Nick_Levinson/law/const_proofrdg/Appx_22.htm
Article URL: http://www.GeoCities.com/Nick_Levinson/law/const_proofrdg/article.htm
Appendix first publicly posted to the World Wide Web July 24, 2004; revised (to add links) and posted August 17, 2004.
Minor revisions: Copyright © 2004 Nick Levinson
Balance: Copyright © 2003 Nick Levinson
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