2/17/99

Public Health

 

Milk

·         Most nutritious food

·         All of the nutrients

·         Mother’s milk

·         Antibodies; esp. IgA

·         Copro antibodies (tears, GI tract, mother’s milk)

·         Milk is the best kind of food

·         God’s gift to humans

·         Iron as a mineral and vit C are not present in milk

·         Nutritional index—volume or weight of a food for proteins, CHO

·         Milk seems to beat all other foods

·         Mother’s milk for first 18 months was happy, healthier, and higher IQ than children who were put on bottled formula right away

·         3 types of IgA

1. single—blood and lymph
2. dimers—serum
3. multiples—secretory components

 

Cow’s milk

·         dealt w/on a large scale for humans

·         good nutrient for microbes and bacteria

·         sterile when released by animal, but becomes infected immediately

·         M. bovis—TB in milk

·         Table 27.3 from micro book p767

·         Brucella abortus—Brucellosis or Relapsing fever

·         Milk that is sold in grocery stores is not sterile

·         Needs to be protected, if not can suffer from these diseases

·         Several of the microbes causes spoilage

·         Streptococcus cremoris and others if they are allowed to stay in milk can spoil it

·         FDA requirements to keep milk safe in the markets

·         Against the law to sell unprocessed milk

·         Lactobacillus

·         Table

·         E. coli seen in milk and can spoil it

 

Pasteurization

·         Prevent microbial growth

·         Table 27.4—tests used for determining quality of the milk

·         Phosphate test—determine how well milk has been pasteurized

·         Simple heating process to kill the microorganisms—kill and bring them down to a level where drinking milk is brought down to acceptable level

·         Monophosphodiesterase—release phenol from phenolic esters

·         Phenol can be measured by titrated

·         If milk is heated, the enzyme is denatured and have less phenol

 

·         Required by law to sell all milk as grade A pasteurized milk

·         Every particle is exposed to one of the 3 methods

·         P771

1. 63~ C for 30 hr
2. low temp/long time
3. ultra high temp—87.8 C for 3sec

 

end milk

 

Worms

·         helminthic organisms

·         parasites by some

·         living organism living on a living system

·         3 kinds of worms

1.        round worms—Nematodes (x-sec is round)

2.        flat worms—Platyhelminthes

1. Leaf like—flukes—Trematodes
2. Ribbon like—colony of organisms make a ribbon—tape worms—Cestodes

·         Book

·         Ch 12 is general body structure p 315-322

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