Spine – L. = Thorn
Throacic – Corslet (chest armor or soldier wearing) or chest
Orhthopedics – Ortho – straight / pedic – foot
12 vertebrae
12 Ribs articulate with TP, Disc, and body
Ribs 1-7 – True ribs which articulate anteriorly and posteriorly
Ribs 8-10 are false ribs because they articulate using a common cartilage attached to the sternum
Ribs 11-12 are free floating ribs only attached to vertebrae
Costovertebral articulation – rib attachment to vertebra (can not palpate this on a live person)
- Synovial joints – fluid between articular surfaces surrounded by a synovial capsule
- Radiate ligament helps to stabilize this articulation
Costotransverse articulation – Ribs 1-10 articulate with TP (Ribs 11 & 12 do not articulate w/ TP)
- Synovial joint
- Stabilized by the costotransverse ligament
Costochondral articulation – Where ribs articulate with the costal cartilage
Sternalcostal articulation – where costal cartilage articulates with the sternum
Rib tubercle
Rib angle
Ribs 1, 10, 11, & 12 – each have a single articulation on the vertebrae
Ribs 2-9 typically articulate with two vertebrae and the IVD
Rib 1 articulates with T1
Rib 2 articulates with T1 & T2 & IVD
Demifacets are located on the vertebrae where the ribs attach
Ribs are to protect the vital organs and to support and shape us
Rib Motion
- 1-6 display a pump-handle motion
- rib motioning in the A to P directions
- 7-10 display a bucket handle motion
- The ribs motion superior and inferior
- 11-12 display a caliper motion
- opens in a swinging motion anterior/superior to posterior/inferior
This motion is vital for normal cardiorespiratory function
Thoracic Spines
- Transverse processes go superior as they go lateral
- Spinous process move down and out (law of thirteen) – T7 is longest spinous process
- T1 is a transitional segment: the superior facets are like cervical spine and inferior facets are more like the Thoracic facets
- Thoracic facets are more flat in a horizontal spine
- T11 & T12 facets begin to turn more like the lumbar facets
ROM
- Flexion and extension (limited to the degree of fixed kyphosis) are @ 50 degrees
- Right and left lateral flexion are 30 degrees
- Right and left rotation is 30 degrees
Neurology
- Dermatomes are of segmental distribution
- Nerve roots travel through the intercostal spaces as intercostal nerves
- C8 nerve root exits between C7 and T1
- The thoracic nerve roots exit below the vertebra (T1 nerve root exits between T1 & T2)
- T4 dermatome is right at nipple line for men and just above nipple in women
- T7 dermatome is at the Xyphoid process
- T10 dermatome is at the imbilicus
- T12 is U-shpaed which follows the Iliac crest around down toward the pubis symphysis
- T1 dermatome is around neck and triceps area
- T2 – around neck and the axilla
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