3/12/99

Microbiology II

 

Complement:  Alexine Proteins

·        Heat sensitive

·        Serum plasma 56°C for ½ hr

·        Join w/specific ab to destroy the invading microbe

·        Hand out

·        Generally proteins (11-24)

·        Complements antibodies

Opsoinin

·        Group of proteins

·        Some have put it w/complement

·        Some say a separate set of proteins

·        Make an antigen more palatable (digestible) by macrophages leading to the destruction in the macrophages

Interferon

·        Used by every cell of the body

·        Low MW protein (glycoprotein)

·        Can travel from one cell to another

·        Amount of interferon in a virus infected cell (some bacterial) is enhanced

·        substance which conveys the message of an upcoming viral infection

·        many different kinds—some from the WBC (lymphocytes)

·        has shown anticancer properties

Lysozyme

·        destructive enzyme

·        made by many cells—lymphocytes

·        found in vesicle bags—lysosomes

·        system by which body gets rid of cells that need to be destroyed on a daily basis

·        protects and gives nonspecific immunity from various organism; eyes/tears, saliva, white of eggs (used to be used for dressing of wounds)

·        found in urine—some tribes have used urine for the antimicrobial features

Leukin

·        gram positive

·        from leukocytes

Phagocytin

            Leukocytes

            Protein

            Nonspecific immunity

            Phagocytosis

 

(Back to STD's)

Treponema pertenue—Yaw

Treponema carateum—Pinta

·        both are generally nonsexually transmitted skin diseases

·        discoloration of the skin

·        not as serious as T. pallidum

·        close relative of T. pallidum

 

Bejel Disease

·        T. pallidum variant

·        Non STD

·        Non-venereal syphilis

 

Borrelia

·        Bacterial genera

·        Close relative of Treponema

·        Spirochete

·        2 diseases

·        lyme disease—B.  burgdorferi

·        other names:  ECM (erythema chromicum migrans_

·        tick borne

·        first seen in Lyme county, CT

·        has been seen now in all 50 states and most countries

·        transmitted by tick—Ixodes dammini (NE and E US)

·        I. ricinus transmits in Europe

·        I. pacificus on west coast

·        Can become blood borne and can stay in the system a long time

·        First symptoms are Bull's eye rash—at the site of the tick bite

·        Swelling of joints, lethargy, neurological symptoms, Bell's Palsy, heart disease, fever, rash

·        Can be a serious problem that lasts a long time

·        Can be an occupational hazard

·        Has been seen in cattle—diary farmers may have problems

·        Antibiotics—penicillin derivatives (amoxicillin, doxycycline from tetracycline) need to be used for an extended period of time

·        When taking a social history need to find out if they have been in the area where they may have contracted

·        Serological test

·        Can kill

·        Aches and pains, arthritis can be incapacitating

·        Relapsing fever—B. recurrentis

·        Tx:  tetracycline, chloramphenicol

·        Each time get fever a new strain is reproduced

·        Tick borne and transmitted

·        Tick prevention

 

Gonorrhea

·        Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococci)

·        Gram negative, cocci (one of the few)

·        Ch 25 read about

·        Transmitted through sexual means

·        Common organism

·        Clinical standpoint—is known to cause many simple conditions and several complex conditions

·        PID (pelvic inflammatory disease)

·        Perihepatitis—fitz hugh curtis syndrome

·        Disseminated gonococcal infections

·        Neonatal and pediatric infections—opthalmia neonatorum

·        Not a deadly disease

·        Can cause a lot of pain, damage to reproductive organs, sterility

·        Tx:  penicillin, tetracycline, 3^rd generation cephalosporin

 

N.    meningitidis

·        meningiococci

·        kidney shaped, paired

·        gram negative

·        unknown transmission—close personal contact

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