2/23/99

Microbiology II

 

Haemophilus                                                                                        

·         Influenza

·         Meningitis—major causing agent

·         Important this time of year

·         P 678

·         H. influenzae

·         6-8 months/o in kids important disease

·         preschool 2months – 5 years

·         can be deadly

·         another organism—Neisseria meningitidis (older children and young adults)

·         general description

·         gram negative

·         rod

·         plump

·         many species

·         difficult to grow/culture

·         need X (hemin) or V (NAD, NADP) vectors for growth

·         H. aegyptius—pink eye

·         H. ducreyi—sexually transmitted—soft chancre

·         H. suis—swine

·         H. caniculus—STD in rabbits—but who cares

·         Stellite phenomenon—test used to ID Haemophilus, refers to a plate w/S. aureus growing as a colony and in the close vicinity and one away inoculate 2 Haemophilus colonies while see in 24 hrs that the one close to S. aureus grows into a nice colony and the one away does not grow

·         Transmitted through airborne, droplet route

·         Known for several clinical conditions

·         Meningitidis is the most serious

·         Can cause pneumonia (deadly), pericarditis, facial cellulitis, epiglottitis (deadly, pyarthrosis (joint pain), bacteremia w/o any specific focus

·         2 months – 5 years—low antibody titer

·         AB increases after 5 y/o

·         chin test—chin touch sternum, good indication of meningitidis

·         in past—Ampicillin (increase the general effectiveness against gram (-))

·         3% of organisms are resistance

·         chloramphenical—better success rate—rare resistance

·         very serious and controversial

·         can cause deadly side effects

·         complete blood count daily

·         drug can be deadly

·         but has saved many lives

·         prevention—HIB vaccine

·         serotype B

·         killed H. influenzae—serotype B

END Haempolis

 

Bordetella

·         whooping cough causing organism

·         Bordetella pertusssis

·         Hero today

·         B. parapetussis

·         B. bronchiseptica

·         Gram (-) , rod, plump, difficult to separate from Haempholis

·         Grows well on Bordet & Gengou media

·         Transmitted by airborne, droplet, eating, drinking

·         P 586-8

·         Vaccine—DPT

·         Many cases in US where people have taken vaccine and still show the disease

·         1994 has 4,000 cases

·         have not been 100% successful by vaccine

·         one of the most controversial vaccination

·         3 stages—each may last up to weeks

1. catarrhal—ropy discharge from the nose, coryza (head cold), towards the end is an appearance of a cough, phayngitis, 1-2 weeks
2. paoxysmal—(spasmodic stage) whoop type cough, 16 weeks, air interalveolar area, violent repetitive cough, thick mucoid sputum, accompanied by vomiting, convulsions, spasm—sudden onset—CNS damage, coma and die, mental retardation
3. Convalescent—2-3 weeks, gradual decline in severity, secondary 10% bacterial, Hemophilus, Strep. Pneumo

 

Phases of the organism

1.        capsulated form—smooth, most pathogenic, most contagious, smooth and wet colonies, pearly

2.        less of all above stages, features

3.         organism is dry, rough, non-pahtogenic, uncapsulated

 

·         Tx:  erythromycin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol (coma)

·         Vaccine:  junk goes into the vaccine preparation for gram (-) organisms (LPS)

END BORTETELLA