1.        Atherosclerosis

·         Intima in open artery

·         Fatty streak--early stages of atherosclerosis

·         Deposited on endothelium in linear fashion

·         Can develop into plaques or are replaced by plaque

2.        Carotid artery

·         Advanced stage

·         Several plaques

·         Raised and in b/w intima

·         Atheromas

·         Ulcerations, hemorrhage, aneurysm

·         Calcification

·         This slide shows ulcerations and hemorrhage

3.        Aorta

·         Yellow is plaque

·         Openings are branches from intimal layer

4.        plaque

·         see margins of plaque

·         atheroma--fatty, cholesterol, LDL, macrophage, smooth muscle

5.        plaques on valves

·         become calcified

·         overweight

·         increased cholesterol

·         diabetes (familial)

·         hyperthyroid

·         nephoritc

·         cirrhosis

6.        no normal intima

·         plaques join together

·         yellow = fat

7.        carotid

·         lumen

·         bulging plaque

·         stroke

8.        multiple areas of plaque

9.        Monkeberg

·         medial calcified disorder

·         degenerative--not very serious

·         older

·         no problems

·         intima not involved, lumen remains open

·         media has calcification

·         no symptoms

10.     Arteriole sclerosis

·         Small arterioles

·         2 types

1)       hyaline--slight increase in blood pressure, filling arteriole; benign nephrosclerosis

2)       hyperplastic--endothelial cells increase in number; malignant hypertension--more serious

Ex:  spleen can be seen in the kidney

11.     Vasculitis--inflammation blood vessels

·         Primary--polyarteriosa nervosa

·         Male

·         Hypertension

·         Hepatitis B antigen

·         All organs except lungs

·         Secondary--autoimmune disease

·         Medium sized vessels

12.     same

13.     only one part of blood vessel involved; gangrene; microaneurysims; PAN

14.     Vasculitis--smaller vessels

15.     Buegger's Disease

·         Vasculitis

·         Thromboangitis

·         Young men who smoke

·         Artery and vein affected

·         Start in artery and go to surrounding vein

·         Pain in legs when walking

·         Gangrene

16.     same--stop smoking early and can reverse

17.     Aneurysms

·         Mural thrombosis

·         Dilatation of blood vessel

·         Regeneration of media

·         Cyst formation

·         Anatomical

1)       saccular

2)       fusiform

·         etiological

1)       dissecting--thoracic aorta

2)       Atherosclerotic--abdominal aorta, syphilis in thoracic aorta

3)       berry--brain

·         iliac arteries--thrombus (mural)

18.     Vasculitis--lumen of capillaries

19.     A)  dissecting aneurysm

·         lumen compressed from blood in wall

·         media

·         cystic medial necrosis

·         intimal tears

·         Marfan's

B)      Atherosclerotic aneurysm

20.     Mural thrombus

21.     Syphilitic Aneurysm

22.     Syphilitic Aortitis

23.     Mouth of saccular aneurysm

24.     Dissecting aneurysm

·         Fatal hemorrhage

·         Intimal tear

·         Blood in b/w layers

·         No bulge

·         Double barrel aorta

25.     Cardiac tamponade

·         Dissecting aneurysm

·         Rupture into pericardium

26.     Blood in pericardium--traumatic rupture

27.     Mitral valve from auricle

·         Stenosis

·         Rheumatic heart disease

·         Narrow--fish mouth, thickening

28.      small thrombi

·         vegetations

·         endocarditis

·         beginning of problem

29.     AV aneurysm

·         Arterial venous aneurysm

·         Connect w/each other

·         Hemorrhage

30.     tumors of blood vessels

·         seen in newborn

·         benign

·         capillary

·         hemangiomas

·         angiomas--malignant

1.        capillary

2.        cavernous--internal organs

31.     Vasculitis

32.     Capillary hemangioma

33.     Varicose Vein

·         Dilated vein

·         Leg, esophagus, hemorrhoids

·         Thickened wall

·         Can have thrombus

34.     Varicose Vein

35.     Cavernous Hemanigoma--Kaposi

36.     Exposure to radiation--several blood vessels

37.     Kaposi--need history

·         Angiosarcoma

·         Blue spots on skin

38.  Low power Kaposi's