NMS

6/9/99

Parasympathetics

• Start in brain or in sacral area
• Nucleus—group of cell bodies in CNS
• Preganglionic—long axon, releases Ach
• Postganglionic—short axon, ganglion right next to target organ, releases Ach
• Cholinergic system
• Don't take many of these b/c can activate both systems (para and sym)
• Atropine—work against parasympathetics ex: have difficulty w/digestion
• Nicotinic and muscurinic receptors

Sympathetics—ch 12

• Found in spine (esp in thoracic area)
• Lateral horn, extension of spinal cord, T1-T12
• Cell body that exits and quickly joins a ganglion
• Preganglionic fiber is short, releases Ach
• Postganglionic fiber is long, releases NE (similar to epinephrine)
• These go to target organs

• E (adrenaline) and NE (noradrenaline) make up catecholamines—Adrenergics
• All cold remedies are adrenergics
• What does sympathetics do? Fight or flight
• Dilate pupils, BP up to put blood where it needs to be, increase rate, dry mouth, inhibits digestive process, increase HCl and mucous, stasis (food doesn't move)
• Excess sympathetic--sympathicotonia
• Pseudoephedarin—in everything, don't take if have heart ds, hypertension,
• Ephedrine—plant Chinese, upper respiratory infections is very effective

• Alpha (NE) and beta (1&2) receptors
• Epinephrine is both alpha and beta

Asthma Attack

• Smooth muscle in the lungs w/Vagus is constricts
• NE is secreted in every tissue of our body
• NE has no affect on bronchial muscles (have beta receptors)
• Korr—simply an enhancer of tissue function
• Adjusting the thoracic area is to bring down the sympathetics to a homeostasis level
• SRS-A—slow reactive substance-anaphylaxis—released from the Mast Cell, most potent bronchoconstriction, increase mucous production
• Should look to increased vagal function first
• Contributing factors
• Subluxation
• Diet—yellow dye #5 is very bad
• Stress
• Habits
• Pollution
• Genetics

• Subluxation area for CNX is upper cervical
• Nodose ganglion
• Upper cervical is excitatory to parasympathetics

Mast Cells

• Activated by NE
• Releases
• Heparin—increase capillary permeability
• SRS-A—most potent bronchoconstrictor
• NCF—neutrophil chemotactic factors
• ECF—parasympathetic rxn
• All of these together cause inflammation
• Inflamed tissues send messages back to upper tspine—afferentation
• Causing fixations and muscle spasms

• Use inhaler and brings in E
• Have b receptors on the bronchial
• Muscles relax
• Adds to the adrenergic state of the situation

Central Excitatory State—Ch14

• CNS
• Excitatory neurotransmitters released in the cord
• Stays at that level
• An irritant working at a constant rate
• Afferentation—sensory bombardment
• Pain
• Proprioception