LabDx

11/15/99

 

http://www.ultranet.com/~jkimball/biologyPages/K/Kidney.html

 

• Reniphorm—bean form
• 0.5% of the total weight of the body
• Receives 20-25% of the total arterial blood pumped by the heart
• Kidney is a coiled blood vessel
• Has one million nephrons
• Right kidney is a little lower than the left—the liver is pushing it down
• Bilateral organs that are not symmetrical
• Right kidney is a little smaller than left
• Neuroblastoma—in adrenal gland, children
• Can metastasize to the spine
• About 55gal passes through the kidney
• 1.5L of urine/day
• Cystitis—inflammation of bladder wall
• Reflux may occur into ureter during recumbent position
• Polynephritis—kidney
• 2 predisposing risk factors
• Dehydration
• Urinary stasis
• Prevention—cranberry juice
• No association w/cranberry juice
• Has a molecule which is a detergent—washes them off the mucosa surface, increases the likelihood of being excreted
• Formation of urine—descending tubule
• Filtering of small molecules and ions and recovering useful items
• Waste esp. toxic waste is eliminated
• Pressure is the defining factor
• Loop of Henle
• Isotonic to blood
• Blood becomes hypotonic
• Countercurrent mechanism
• Distal tubule
• Aldosterone
• Regulates Na+
• Collecting ducts
• Antidiuretic hormone
• Water channels
• Rise of camp
• Aquaporin pathway
• Posterior lobe of pituitary gland
• Osmotic pressure of blood
• 0.5L/day of urine may remain
• Concentration of urine can be 4´'s that of blood
• Primary mover and the last regulatory site of water
• Ethanol suppresses ADH
• Rennin
• Emergency supply of blood pressure
• Shock is on the horizon when rennin is activated
• Erythropoietin (EPO)
• From the kidney
• Activation of RBC production
• Calcitriol
• Activated Vitamin D
• 1,25 hydroxycalcipherol
• Involved in calcium transport
• Alcoholic addiction
• Every system is compromised
• Eventually kills

 

Urinalysis

• UTI
• Diabetes—endocrine
• Neoplasia—atypical cells and hematuria
• Renal stones
• Renal contusion/fracture—rib 10, 11, 12
• Arthritide—lupus (connective tissue disorder)
• Medications are common leaders of kidney disorders—analgesic nephropathy and may lead to proteinuria or hematuria
• HTN
• Infection
• Arthride
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