Cardio
10/18/99
¯Va
acinus
- Restrictive--¯
compliance,
recoil
- Obstructive
- ¯
Sa
- Saturation
95% is the expected value
- ¯
PaO2—hypoxemia
- Normal
is 95mmHg
- ABG—arterial
blood gas
- The
assumption is that Sa and PaO2 are
proportional
- In anemia,
pressure would be down w/the saturation normal
-
PaCO2—hypercopnia--¯ pH
- ¯
pH leads to respiratory acidosis
- Atelectasis
- Collapse
of the respiratory zone, esp. the acinus
- Resorptive—tissues
is resorped
- Can't
be ventilated, creates a vacuum, and collapses
- Mucus
plug can block air,
Expiratory
Reserve
Volume
Tidal
Volume
Inspiratory
Reserve
Volume
Lung Volumes
- Volumes
make capacities
- There
are four lung volumes
- Inspiratory reserve
volume (IRV)—the air that
can brought in if you have to, can over inflate the lungs—normal volume in
the adult male is 3000mL
- Tidal volume—the normal
amount of air that is brought and out at normal quiet breathing—normal is
500mL
- Total inspiratory
capacity—total air that is allow to be brought in to the lungs,
this is a combination of inspiratory reserve + tidal volume =TIC this is about 3500mL
- Expiratory reserve
volume—the air that can be forced out after normal tidal volume,
can be gotten ride of 1100mL
- Residual
volume—the air that can never be removed no matter what—1200mL—can't be
ventilated
- Total lung capacity—is
5800mL in the adult male, ¯ 5-10% for a female, this is
all four volumes put together—TLC = TV
+ ERV
+ RV + IRV
- Vital capacity—expiratory reserve
+ tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume,
this is the portion of the lungs that can be controlled—area that can be
ventilated
- Functional residual
capacity—expiratory reserve volume + residual volume
- ¯
V = ¯VC
which is vital capacity—measured by spirometery
- Seen
in both restrictive and obstructive ds
- Air
doesn't go in and out—related to vital capacity
- Respiration
goes down, O2 ¯,
CO2
- FVC—forced
vital capacity
- Take
a deep breath in and blow it all the way out
- How
does VC go down?
- Obstruction
- Block
the air way
- Mucus
and bronchoconstriction
- Air
can get passed through the negative pressure
- It
cannot exhale (this is passive)
- Residual
capacity is on the rise b/c air is trapped
- One
solution—expand the area of vital capacity—make the lungs bigger
- Barrel
chest
- Gets
to large—have to start using muscles to exhale
- Residual
volume continues to grow and VC still decreases
- FEV1—force
expiratory volume for 1 sec
- A
timed volume
- 80%
of air can be removed in the first second
- This
will only happen if the airways are open
- In
obstructive ds, this will be greatly down
- Normal
HCO3 is 21 milliparts
- Dyspnea
(Shortness of Breath)—is not related to chemicals put to mechanics
-