| Clinical
signs |
�Differential
diagnosis |
| �Abdominal enlargement(acute/subacute)� |
�Intestinal disorders Enteropathies
Obstruction Foreign bodies Trauma Peritonitis Coccidiosis (hepatic form)
Pyometra Metritis Uterine adenocarcinoma� |
| Abdominal enlargement (subacute/chronic) |
Neoplasia� Obesity Ascites
Cardiomyopathy Heart failure |
| Alopecia |
�Hair pulling Nest building
Hair chewing Idiopathic overgrooming Rubbing/scratching Pruritic response
Flea allergy dermatitis with secondary bacterial infection Fur mite ( Cheyletiella
sp.) Genetic hairlessness Hypotrichoses Dermatophytosis Seasonal molt� |
| Anemia |
� Renal disease Lead toxicosis
Uterine adenocarcinoma Endometrial hyperplasia Chronic metabolic disease� |
| Anorexia� |
�Malocclusion Tooth root
abscess Trichobezoars Cecal stasis Gastroenteropathy Pneumonia Respirotory
disease Sinusitis Coccidiosis (hepatic or intestinal) Pain Unpalatable
feed Abrupt feed change Stress / heatstress Insufficient water Renal disease
Lead toxicity Pregnancy toxemia Septic mastitis Urolithiasis� |
| Constipation� |
�� Trichobezoars Enteropathy
Anorexia Dehydration/insufficient water� |
| Cutaneous or subcutaneous swelling� |
�� Bacterial abscess
Cuterebriasis Coenurust cyst Neoplasia (fibromatosis , papilloma , lymphosarcoma
epidermal carcinoma Hematoma |
| Cutaneous or subcutaneous |
�Lactation swelling(mammary
gland) Mastitis Mammary neoplasia Cuterebriasis Neoplasia Hematoma� |
| �Dermatitis� |
�Ectoparasitism Earmite
Furmite Mange mite Lice Flea Pododermatitis (ulcerative dermatitis) Bite
wounds Moist dermatitis Bacterial dermatitis Necrobacillosis Dermatophytosis
Myxomatosis� |
| Diarrhea (+ nonspecific enteropathy) |
�History of inappropriate
antibiotic administration (oral pennicillins , erythromycin , clindamycin
, lincomycin)� |
| �Diarrhea |
� Mucoid enteropathy Tyzzer�s
disease Clostridium piliformis (acute haemorrhagic typhlocolitis) Enterotoxemia
Colibacillosis Pseudomonas aeruginosa Low dietary fiber Cecal stasis� |
| Dyspnea� |
�Heat stress ,Pneumonia
(rule out : Pasteurella Klebsiella Bordetella Staphylococcus Pseudomonas)Metastasis
of neoplasia Pregnancy toxemia or ketosis Pseudopregnancy Postpaturient
Pyothrax Conjunctivitis and rhinitis due to bacterial |
| Dystocia |
� Stillbirth Uterine inertia
Infection Metabolic Breeding size parity |
| Fever |
�Septicemia ( esp. Pseudomonas,
Pasteurella ) Pneumonia Mastitis Pregnancy toxemia Ketosis Enterotoxemia
Colibacillosis Myxomatosis Bacterial cellulitis Acute severe pain Heat
stress |
| Hematuria ( stranguria , urolithiasis
secondary to calcinosis , cystitis pyelonephritis )� |
Rule out bacterial component�
Systemic hypercalcemia |
| Incoordination , convulsion,
seizure� |
Traumatic injury Otitis interna
Encephalitis and brain abscess Toxicities (-insecticides -fertilizers -toxic
plants -lead ingestion) Pregnancy toxemia / ketosis Agonal phenomenon Congenital
/ epilepsy Magnesium deficiency� |
| Infertility |
� Immaturity or senescene
Environmental stress Incompatible pair Bacterial infection (-endometritis
-pyometra -orchitis -venereal spirochetosis -Treponema cuniculi) Endometriosis
or cystic endometrial hyperplasia Uterine adenocarcinoma Nutritional deficiencies
Pseudopregnancy |
| Litter desertation or cannibalism� |
� Maternal inexperience
Environmental disturbance Stresses Spitness Agalactia Mastitis Insufficiency
nesting material Deformed young Thirst Water deprivation Dehydration Malnutrition� |
| Nasal discharge� |
�Rhinitis Upper respiratory
disease/infection (-Pasteurella spp. -Bordetella spp. -Klebsiella spp.
-Myxomatosis) Pneumonia Lower respiratory infection/disease Allergy Heat
stress (serous nasal discharge)� |
| Paresis , paralysis Muscular
weakness� |
� Paraplegia - vertebral
fracture or luxation(usually L6 space) Skeletal trauma (other than vertebral
fracture) : long bone fracture soft tissue trauma� |
| Polydipsia� |
Lactation Heat stress Febrile
disease Enteropathy Diabetes mellitus or insipidus� |
| Prenatal (& perinatal) mortality |
�Pregnancy toxemia Ketosis
Malnutrition Nitrates in feed/water Congenital abnormalities Environmental
stress Noise Uterine adenocarcinoma Infectious disease ( Pasteurella Listeria
Salmonella Chlamydia ) Uterine crowding before 17 day gestation Handling
trauma at 17-23 days Crowding� |
| Ptyalism or wet dewlap |
�Malocclusion Pasteurella
tooth root/bone infection Genetic Molar overgrowth Abrasion on feeder Rule
out: Obstruction Stasis Diarrhea Enteropathy Abdominal pain� |
| Pyrexia |
� Pasteurellosis , other
bacterial disease Heat stroke Mastitis ( septic ) Orchitis Acute cellulitis
( P. multocida S.aureus ) Myxomatosis Viral haemorrhagic disease |
| Seizure / convulsions |
�Metabolic Hypo/hyperglycemia
Hypo/hypercalcemia Ketosis Mg deficiency Pregnancy toxemia) Cardiovascular
compromise Otitis interna Trauma Torticollis Encephalitis Brain abscess
Toxicities Epilepsy Severe pain GI obstruction Neoplasia Agonal phenomenon
Azotemia� |
| Sudden death |
�Hypo/hyperthermia Heat
stress, stroke Septicemia Toxemia Ketosis/pregnancy toxemia Stravation
Dehydration Chronic disease Litter abandoned Congenital abnormality Myxomaosis/Lymphosarcoma
Toxicity� |
| Testicular swelling |
�Interstitial cell neoplasia
Myxomatosis Pasteurellcsis Orchitis bacterial� |
| Torticollis (see also incoordination,
seizure)� |
Facial/head trauma (cranial nerve
VIII) Pasteurellosis Encephalitozoonosis Listeriosis Otitis externa Vestibular
dysfunction Central vestibular / cerebellar disease - encephalitis Fungal
brain infections Lead intoxication General intoxication - insecticide ,
fertilizer� |
| Urine scald |
�Hypercalciuria Urolithiasis
Posterior paresis Obesity Renal failure Polyuria / poludipsia� |
| Vaginal discharge� |
Endometrial hyperplasia Uterine
adenocarcinoma Pyometra Dystocia Uterine torsion ( rare ) |
| Weight loss� |
Dental disease Trichobezoars
( gastric stasis ) Malnutrition/nutritional deficiencies/�agroceriosis�
Chronic disease Pasteurellosis Renal failure Chronic enterotoxemia / enteritis
Parasitism Pulmonary disease Calcinosis ( systemic hypercalcemia) Urinary
calculi Uterine adenocarcinima Lead toxicosis Pain - trauma , arthritis,
chronic disease Arteriosclerosis Cardiomyopathy |