Doug's Canoe Trip Tips and Tricks     back to Doug's Canoe Page

(try saying that quickly 10 times!)

Well, actually, these aren't really Doug's. More like tips that our canoeing consortium has run into along the way. Few are original, although several we discovered the hard way {grin}.We should probably credit the originators, but their identity has long since been forgotten. Help yourself!

Another tongue-twister: Pick a trip tip or trick & click
Food Stuff: First supper - frozen chile food packing - victual ritual
the food pack pulley dinner sinner - chocolate bars  
Fires, stove, oven:     Firestarter: great balls of fire     Waterproof matches
Campstoves & simmering The ELLIOTT camping oven
Water works: Avoiding Beaver Fever Collapsible bucket
Packing & tie-downs:  hog-tying a therma-rest the perfect portable pocket
avoiding airborne canoes lashing paddles & packs
tense tie-down loops roof rack antlers
Keeping stuff dry: Foot condoms / safe socks What MUST be kept dry
Trip logistics: Our master spreadsheet car key strategy
car clothes - a public service
Map methods:  finding the right top map Easy custom-made maps
Miscellaneous: Camping mirrors


First night Chile- The first day on our trips starts around midnight with the last minute packing, then about 3 hours sleep, 5 to 9 hours of driving, 3 to 6 hours paddling, and then setting up camp, possibly in the dark. Having an easy and tasty supper is mandatory, and our traditional chile does the job nicely.
   Basically, we make a cauldron of creative chile, containing every sort of bean, beer, red wine, kernel corn, sloppy joe mix, taco mix, chile powder, cayenne pepper,  tobasco, garlic salt, soya sauce, barbecue sauce, HP sauce, and/or anything that's red or brown in the fridge. Once cooked for about 5 hours until it has the consistency of, well, mud, it's poured into zip lock bags each sitting in the bottom third of a cereal box, and frozen solid. (Actually, it's a pain to thaw a big frozen mass of chile, and it seems to burn easily. It might be be better to use a couple of smaller bags, and start with half an inch of water in your reheating pot.)
    Double bagged and wrapped in a towel, it's usually still mostly frozen come supper time in the woods. It would probably last to the second or maybe even the third day if we were able to resist devouring it on the first night. Served with pita bread, (and sometimes home-brew, carried in a plastic bottle) it is the milestone that confirms the beginning of another canoeing adventure. I don't know if it's the recipe or the ritual that brings tears to the eye. [top of page]


Great balls of fire! Like most experienced campers, I take pride in the fact that I can start a fire with no paper, no artificial chemical crutches, and only a couple of matches almost every time. However, sometimes it takes more time than is convenient, (like after 3 days of solid rain), and after a cold water capsize, it might be really important to get a fire going quickly.
   Thus, I carry a cheap form of insurance - the great balls of fire. These are simply cotton balls soaked in vaseline and stored in a film canister. Small, light, and really effective since vaseline is also known as "petroleum jelly".
   You might think of using the GBOF as part of a camp stove - I tried it while working on a camping oven. Be warned that they burn intensely, but only for about 4 minutes. They also give off a lot of black smoke, and leave a thick layer of black soot on any cookware they touch.
   Of course, you still have to light them, and if your matches are all wet, you're out of luck, so check out the next section...[top of page]


Waterproof matches- In a nutshell, waterproof matches aren't; wet lighters don't, but waterproof containers are.
    My experience is that commercial "waterproof" matches tend to not be a good bet when the going gets wet. If the match heads don't disintegrate, the specially treated surface you have to strike them against does. If I actually wanted waterproof matches, I'd hand dip wooden matches in melted paraffin.
    However, it's a lot easier just to keep old-fashioned strike anywhere wooden matches in a really waterproof container. My suggestions for the container are either a urine specimen vial, or a plastic Rolaids bottle (the 80 tables size). If you think about it, both of need to be quite waterproof, and if you're trying our first night chile, you'll probably need the Rolaids anyway.
    You can't rely on a lighter as your failsafe fire source. Once they get wet, neither the flint nor the piezo-electric style will generate the spark they require to light. A small disposable lighter and some paper matches in double ziplock bags isn't a bad idea, but my ultimate backup will always be bottled matches. [top of page]


Avoiding "beaver fever". If you've never had this gastro-intestinal affliction, also known as Giardia, be very grateful and take my word for it, it's worth avoiding. If you camp with children, the last thing you want in the wilderness is an epidemic caused by contaminated water. Boiling all your water or using time-consuming chemical treatments is somewhat impractical, but a filter pump has worked well for us.
    Basically, the filter consists of an input hose, a hand operated pump with an internal filter, and an output hose. Ours is small, works quickly without a lot of effort. We've never had a case of beaver fever since we started using it.
    To make it even easier, you can use a collapsible bucket to bring a supply of "raw" water to a convenient seating place rather than hunching over at the shoreline - see the next section[top of page]


Collapsible Bucket. A gift I received from my sister has proved to be an extremely useful device. It's a vinyl bucket formed around a  9 inch metal ring in the rim, and another at the bottom. A one inch strap is a functional handle, and it all folds flat for storage.
    To avoid beaver fever, we don't use our cookset pots to hold untreated water. The bucket is ideal for lugging water to put out the campfire or to be filtered. You just have to be careful to lean it against something if it's full when you set it down, otherwise it tends to fall over & cause a flood .[top of page]


Campstoves and simmering. Cooking over a wood fire might be romantic, but it requires a firewood supply,  takes extra time, and makes it difficult to control the heat being applied to your gourmet creation. You end up with a mess on the outside of your pots, and often ashes and soot on the inside (what we call "camping spice")
    A small one burner campstove solves all these problems at the cost of needing to carry the stove and a fuel supply. We use one (MSR Whisperlite) that burns white gas ("naphtha") and collapses to the size of a coffee mug.
    One challenge is that it may be difficult to turn the flame low enough to do a good simmer. One solution I've heard of, but haven't tried yet, it to put a metal disk of some sort between the stove and your pot. The top of a large tin can would be about the right size, but awkward to carry. Another suspicion I have is that over pumping the fuel tank results in  control problems.
   On our 7 person trips with our daughters we take a 2 burner propane stove. It's more awkward to carry, but that second burner sure comes in handy some times. [top of page]


Foot condoms for safe socks, also known as camp boots. This is a defence against the unpleasantness of having to put on wet running shoes in the morning, or getting "soakers" when doing semi-aquatic manoeuvers like beaver dam pull-overs.
   Before leaving home, pre-inspect plastic grocery bags to find a pair that are free of any small holes. Purists will insist that the two match in colour, and advertising content. Fold these a couple of times, tie them in a loose overhand knot, and store them in whatever pack you keep in your tent.You might even want to put in a couple of pairs.
    After you put on nice clean, dry socks in the morning, you unknot and pull on your camp boots before putting on your shoes. You can trim the camp boots as you wish. If you're really keen, you can do what Larry did once (exactly once), which is duct tape them to your legs for a good seal. Ouch, it hurts just thinking about it.
   Of course, these boots don't breathe at all, and your feet eventually get wet from trapped perspiration anyway. However, at least it's a warm and gradual process.[top of page]


What MUST be kept dry. I claim your sleeping bag is the most important thing to keep dry for a couple of reasons. One is that sleeping in a wet or even partially wet sleeping bag is a miserable experience - very uncomfortable, and likely to lead to fitful sleep and fatigue the next day. Secondly, a sleeping bag can be very difficult to dry out once it gets wet, unlike most of the rest of your gear. Lastly, and most important, a wet sleeping bag doesn't keep you warm, and this can be not only uncomfortable, but possibly dangerous. On Spring and Fall trips, it's not unusual for the temperature to dip below freezing at night. In the event of one or more boats capsizing in cold water, having dry sleeping bags to warm the victims could be a critical defence against hypothermia.
   Personally, I double bag (garbage bag and twist tie, then a slightly smaller bag and twist tie) my sleeping bag, my therma-rest, and the warm clothes I sleep in on spring & fall trips (hooded sweatshirt, sweatpants and wool socks).[top of page]


Our master spreadsheet gets its own page of description. Oughta call it the Amex sheet, because we couldn't leave home without it.[top of page]

Food packing - the victual ritual  Everyone has their own way of organizing the foodpack, and no one way is necessarily the best.  Our approach is to put all the food for each meal into a single large waterproof zip lock bag. This often involves repackaging food to minimize weight or bulk - for example, "KD" macaroni dinners end up in a sandwich sized ziplock bag.  (Don't forget the instructions for anything you're not familiar with) The 3  large ziplock bags for one day go into a plastic grocery bag which is knotted shut and labelled with the day of the week. These are inserted into the main compartment of the foodpack in reverse chronological order.
   Another distinctively coloured larger bag called the "generic bag" holds stuff that is used at multiple meals such as our spice kit, instant cappuccino, peanut butter (one of our members has an addiction), cooking oil, and extra tea bags and fruit drink crystals, etc. Anything leftover from a meal also ends up in the generic bag for future consumption.
   This approach presumes you have each meal planned, as compared to bringing say "about 4 breakfasts worth" of oatmeal in one container. We find it simpler and safer to have the portions figured out in advance (especially when there are 7 people on the trip) which is where the spreadsheet described above comes in handy.
   One other thing we've learned is to keep the lunch bag out when we repack after breakfast, and put it, double bagged, into the top of an easily accessed pack. We generally have a no-cook lunch that we eat while travelling, and it's a lot handier if we don't need to dig out, and search through, the food pack.[top of page]

Dinner sinner -chocolate bars It probably started out as a bribe to the kids on our early Dads & Daughters trip, but it's a tradition that endures without fail. Every supper food bag contains one mini chocolate bar per person, which can easily be rationalized as dessert, I guess. These are often pocketed at supper time to be savoured, one small nibble at a time, around the campfire. Great way to end the day. (Almost as enjoyable is watching the ensuing brushing of teeth by flashlight, where the kids apply great energy, with inconsistent success, to spitting toothpaste so that it clears both their chin and their feet.) [top of page]

The food pack pulley  We're pretty fanatic about hanging our foodpack from a tree overnight and between meals during the day. When we're staying at one site for multiple days, there's a lot of raising and lowering, which has to be hard on the tree, and gums up the rope, as well. Our solution is to use an extra length of rope to raise a pulley so it's just below the tree branch, with the pack rope pre-inserted. Larry went to great expense to procure a clothesline pulley for this task at a garage sale. This has resulted in a certain amount of mockery for the bulk, and some campfire debates about whether or not a larger diameter pulley makes it easier to lift the food pack However, I must admit it works like a charm. [top of page]

Hog-Tieing a therma-rest My nice new therma-rest came in a plastic sleeve that is about as re-usable as a match. Since I carry it inside my pack, it needs to be compactly and securely compressed. What I found to be ideal is the velcro straps that are used to hold two skis together for storage. Just the right length, easy to use, and no need to mess with buckles or knots. Once I get home, I unroll and inflate the Therma-rest, and store it that way - if you store it rolled up, it loses its ability to self-inflate. [top of page]

The perfect portable pocket I am the first to admit that I'm not the tidiest person in the world, and putting things away in the right place isn't my strong point. When it's time to light up the campstove, I'd have to remember what clothes I was wearing last time I used my lighter, and whether I put it the pocket of my shirt or shorts. Things got a lot simpler when I discovered a portable pocket where I could put those little things I need to be able to locate easily - a fanny pack. It's now a semi-permanent attachment that contains: lighter, compass (with mirror), emergency whistle, pocket knife, tooth brush, toothpaste, duplicate van key, park permit, pen, paper, chewing gum, lip balm, and sometimes insect repellent and sunscreen.
 
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Lashing paddles and packs  A handy way to lash paddles to the canoe, and small items to your pack is to use two sided velcro cable ties. These are essentially 8 inch straps which have the velcro hook material on one side, and the pile material on the others. It will stick to itself  securely in whatever diameter is handy, and two can be easily joined if needed. Ask your local network nerd to get you some (from Black Box if not available locally).
   If you want to tie your gear to the boat so you don't risk losing it in a capsize, you can permanently tie one end of a 5 foot cord to your pack, preferably near a zippered pocket where it can be stowed. Put a mini carabiner or a spring closing hook that you trust on the other end. When you've loaded the boat, thread the cord through the shoulder straps of your other packs, around a thwart, and then attach it to itself. 
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Finding the right top map I'm a strong believer in using the 1:50,000 scale topographical maps to navigate by, aided by park maps if available. I rarely use a compass, and rely on recognizing landforms. However, it isn't easy figuring out what top map you need, as the cryptic map identification "31 L 1" doesn't say much about the area it covers, or vice versa.
   I have two top map shortcuts. Since most of our canoeing is done in Algonquin park, I sat down one day and made up a grid overlay for a map of the park that shows the boundaries and numbers of all the relevant top maps. It includes the access points, so you can usually zero in on the map(s) you need quickly. Help yourself, and feel free to copy it and pass it along.
   The second method works for anywhere in Canada, and makes use of a government website with a database of place names which includes the top map number for each. You can use it to look up the name of a lake or river on your trip, and it will tell you map number. Best to pick an obscure name, to avoid searching through a lot of duplicates. Here's the site,
Geographic Names Database, the top map name is labelled as "NTS number" in the right column once you've selected the right occurrence of the name. (Thanks to Scott Newman for passing along this tip.) Speaking of maps, note the following section, too. [top of page]

Easy Custom made maps. We usually have 2 types of maps, a park map, and a topo map. A nice way to handle this is to make colour photocopies of the relevant sections of the map, and laminate them back to back.  If you have a computer nerd in your party (everyone on our trips would qualify) he or she can scan the maps & produce nicely scaled and annotated colour copies, and files for your website.)
Here are some suggestions:
-if you can, try and get the two map pieces close to the same scale. Otherwise it's really confusing when you switch back and forth
-on your master copy, make sure potential campsites, portages, and hazards are clearly marked on both maps.
-write the date of the trip, and the participants on one edge of the map. It makes a good durable record of your trip.
-make a copy for everyone on your trip, so everyone can feel comfortable knowing where you are, if not contribute to the navigation effort. (Kids love this.)
-if you need two map pieces to cover your trip, laminate the park map for area A with the top map for area B, and vice versa. This allows more useful combination views, such as the top map for area A and the park map for area A side by side, both visible at once without page flips..
-haven't figured out a good map tie down system yet - I just slide it under one of the straps on my pack which sits ahead of me. I'm contemplating something with a clipboard clamping mechanism.[top of page]
Car key strategies  It's great to get out in the wilderness, but it's nice to get home, too. It would be a bad thing to make it back to your vehicle at the end of the trip, and not be able to find the key to unlock it. Since access points are remote by definition, you wouldn't have a lot of good options. Even worse would be the case where where there'd been some sort of accident, and you weren't able to get an injured person out to medical help.
   So my strategy is to hide the ignition keys for all vehicles inside one car, and make sure duplicate keys to that vehicle are carried in secure locations by multiple people in different boats. The hiding is an attempt to thwart those who might take advantage of the remoteness of access points to break into vehicles. Having keys in different boats means that even if a single boat capsizes, and gear containing the key is lost, you can still get into all your vehicles. [top of page]

Car clothes - a public service  It's probably not a big surprise that after a wilderness canoe trip, you may be a little soiled and smelly. Although to us, this is tolerable if not desirable, the rest of the world may not see it that way. To ease the transition back to civilization, each person in our expedition leaves a bag of  "car clothers" in the vehicle. As well as the obvious change of clothes, you can include a comb (or hat, if it's hopeless), a washcloth and bar of soap, deodorant, razor, chewing gum, and/or a dry set of shoes. (I prefer long pants, since my legs are usually an ugly enough combination of dirt, scrapes and insect bites that any small children I encounter run away screaming.) As we discovered the hard way once, if your vehicle isn't mouse proof, your car clothes container needs to be. [top of page]

Avoiding airborne canoes  It may seem somewhat anal retentive to tie down your canoes every night, even in beautiful weather. However, if you've seen both your canoes airborn, as we did on a French River trip, you'd be very motivated to take that safety precaution. Canoes pulled up on shore have an air foil shape on one side, and a drag-chute shape on the other. The consequences of liftoff are scary even if you're awake when it happens. Trying to swim after a boat in the dark is as shaky as adlibbing a path along shore to intercept a boat before it's smashed on a distant shore by the same wind.
   Taking 30 seconds to tie down the boats is very cheap insurance against a dangerous outcome. Do it. 
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 Tense tie-down loops. Darn. Can't remember what I intended to describe in this section. Could have been bungee cords for rigging tarps, or the velcro straps in Lashing paddles and packs  Oh, I remember. Say you need to tie something down under tension. It's a bit of a pain trying to tie the knot while you maintain the tension. Let's say for example, you have your canoe on your roof rack, and need to tie the bow to your front bumper. The trick is to tie a loop about a foot above the bumper, and use it as a pulley. An ideal loop is the lineman's loop (reference: Ashley Book of Knots, page 191, knot number 1053) which can be tied without using either end of the rope. Once the loop's in place, you thread the free end around the bumper, then back up and through the loop. You can pull downward on the free end which will tighten everything up until you have the right tension, then make it fast with a couple of half hitches. Hard to explain, but nifty once you get the hang of it. [top of page]

The ELLIOTT camping oven - OK, no one got food poisoning on the last trip, so I'm publishing preliminary specifications for the Elliott Lightweight Luggable Improvised Oven for Trip Treats (The "ELLIOTT"). The Mark II version of my camping oven is much sturdier that the original one, which we really don't need to talk about. The latest model collapses (intentionally, this time) to the size of a partially filled 10 by 14 baking pan, and features a built in dish pan and room to store a 10 x 14 fish cleaning board.
     Here's what it looks like completely assembled (and cooking) - more pictures below.
    At the bottom is an 8 inch square baking pan which has had one inch square air holes cut into each side. Good idea to leave a substantial lip at the bottom to hold in ash and possibly BBQ lighter fluid. Be careful to make burr-free folded back edges on the tin. As you've probably gathered, this holds the charcoal briquets which provide the heat. I've used 9 of them in my test runs, which seems to be about right. Oh yeah - you want this pan to end up on a level surface, especially if whatever you're cooking has a watery batter.
    Sitting on top of this is a 10 X 14 baking pan which forms the botttom half of the cooking chamber. A six inch square hole is cut in the center of the bottom (more doubled over burr-free edges) to allow the heat from the "ash-hole" to enter. The top of the cooking chamber is another 10 X 14 baking pan turned upside down. When in use, it is attached to the bottom half by using those little paper clamp thingys where the pans meet. (You know - when you have a quarter inch of paper, and a paper clip is too small so you use a little spring steel clamp gizmo with pivoting wire handles. If that doesn't make sense, check the picture below.)
    On the inside we have a trivet or cookie rack to keep the goodies off the bottom of the oven, and also to span the heat entry hole. In my latest tests, I've interwoven a few strips of foil through this rack, shiny side up, to disperse the heat a bit and avoid burning the food in the center of the bottom of the pan.
    Last but not least, another 8 X 8 baking pan sits on the rack, holding whatever it is you're baking. So far, I've baked stuff that doesn't require eggs: low fat brownies, and banana muffins, each from a mix. The muffins were  in paper cups supported by 4 sticks (from discarded marshmallow roasting sticks) arranged in a "#" pattern in the pan. Worked great (if you don't mind square muffins), although it's tricky while you're filling them.
    You can probably figure out how everything could nest into the 'top' of the oven for transportation, how it can also be used as a dishpan or a clean place to spread out your dishes, and how a fish cleaning board could be included.
    OK, here are the release notes: There does seem to be a tendency for the top of the food to undercook, while the bottom overcooks. The foil strips I talked about are meant to help this, and a small towel that just covers the top pan should reduce heat escape. I'm also looking for a double-walled 10 X 14 baking pan similar to smaller ones I've seen before. (They seem to have stopped making 10 X 14 pans - wonder if a pair of 9 X 13's will still hold an 8 X 8 pan? ) Attaching a barbecue thermometer to the bottom pan would provide useful information. I thought about putting some sort of window in the top pan, but couldn't bring myself to sacrifice either the dishpan or the protective outer skin during transportation.
    Here are some pictures of the Mark II: completely assembled (and cooking), showing a successful pan of brownies, and the square muffin configuration.  [top of page]

Camping Mirrors I'm not sure anyone on any of our canoe trips has ever used a mirror to make sure their appearance is optimal. However, we do have contact lens wearers who appreciate a mirror now and then, and having one for emergency signalling purposes isn't a bad idea. What's even better is to realize you are already carrying a mirror in a well protected package that's very useful for other things! I was once given a good quality compass which has two hinged parts, one containing a mirror for sighting purposes. If you want a mirror, think about using, or upgrading, your compass.  [top of page]

Roof Rack Antlers I imagine that most of the people who read this page have probably had to find a way to get 2 canoes on top of a car. Roof racks never seem to be quite wide enough, and thus need to be extended somehow. The practical but inelegant solution is to bolt a longer 2 X 3 or 2 X 4 on top of your rack Quite functional, but heavy to manhandle, and the extra height further reduces the aerodynamics. My roof rack has a cross beam with a square cross-section. I stumbled across an ideal entender that fits perfectly inside the beam - a blank 1 X 1 piece of hardwood meant for do-it-yourself bannister spindles. It's held in place by a horizontal bolt through the rack, and has an adjustable "antler width" due to extra holes drilled every 2 inches in the wood. People still bang their head on it occasionally, but I've rounded the ends to reduce cranial damage.
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 - Here's to flat lakes and portages.


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