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Much of our current understanding of ancient Nippur, we owe to the work of McGuire Gibson of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Among his useful studies are the following:
"Patterns of Occupation at Nippur," Nippur at the Centennial, edited by Maria deJong Ellis. Occasional Publications of the Samuel Noah Kramer Fund, 14. Philadelphia, 1992. Also available on the web at Patterns of Occupation.
"Current Oriental Institute Excavations in Iraq," Society for Mesopotamian Studies, Bulletin 3 (Aug., 1982), 16-20.
"Current Research at Nippur: Ecological, Anthropological and Documentary Interplay," L'arch�ologie de l'Iraq: Perspectives et limites de l'interpr�tation anthropologique des documents. Paris, 1980.
"Nippur: New Perspectives," Archaeology, 30 (1977), 26-37.
A member of the team assembled by McGuire Gibson to deepen our understanding of ancient Nippur is Richard Zettler of the University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania. Among his useful works are the following:
The Ur III Temple of Inanna at Nippur: The Operation and Organization of Urban Religious Institutions in Mesopotamia in the Late Third Millennium B.C., Berliner Beitr�ge zum Vorderen Orient, Band 11. Berlin, 1992.
"Enlil's City, Nippur, at the End of the Third Millennium BC," Society for Mesopotamian Studies, Bulletin 14 (Oct., 1987), 7-19. He includes maps and building plans.
An important contemporary source of information on ancient Nippur is the body of royal year names. Scribes dated legal and administrative documents by the official commemorative year name of the king recognized in the city at the time, rather than using an era type system like our B.C.-A.D. system. These names made reference to significant political and religious events (in the opinion of the royal court). They have been compiled in the following publications (Sorry, they are quite technical, being designed for use by cuneiformists). This information is more accessible on the web at Mesopotamian Year Names: Neo-Sumerian and Old Babylonian Date Formulae prepared by Marcel Sigrist and Peter Damerow.
R. Marcel Sigrist, "Nippur entre Isin et Larsa de Sin-iddinam � Rim-Sin," Orientalia, 46 (1977), 363-374.
Marcel Sigrist, Isin Year Names. Berrien Springs, 1988.
Marcel Sigrist, Larsa Year Names. Berrien Springs, 1990.
Alfred H. Kromholz and Marcel Sigrist, Concordance of the Isin-Larsa Year Names. Berrien Springs, 1986.
A well-researched, well-written account of the first four seasons of excavations at Nippur by the University of Pennsylvania in 1888-1900 is included here as a well-told story of the human context and drama of scientific research:
Bruce Kuklick, Puritans in Babylon: The Ancient Near East and American Intellectual Life, 1880-1930. Princeton, 1996.
The site of Erasmus Compositor has sharpened its focus onto issues of modern business communications, including guidelines for r�sum� development. Most of the material on ancient Sumerian communications has been moved and updated at Dubsar the Cuneiform Scribe. Please continue your tour of Nippur in the center of Sumer and Akkad with Dubsar the Cuneiform Scribe.
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