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In this section on clarification the processes of water and waste treatment will be discussed, that is, those processes which relate to potable water, process water for condensate, and industrial wastewater as opposed to domestic wastewater. Even though these are broad areas there are many similarities in each, and attempts to minimize repetition will be made. Sometimes repeating important concepts may be necessary.

Regarding clarification equipment I am familiar with upflow types machines, operating in solids contact or sludge blanket modes. I consider the LaMella/inclined plate separator and upflow rectangular machines in the same catagory.

Those processes which I hope to discuss should include:

• flocculation with the aluminum and iron coagulants and enhancement with polymers. (the use of polymers alone does not mandate differences in the technique/concept involved)
• softening with lime, and lime and soda ash.
• wastewater treatment, which could be a myriad of different processes and will necessarily be a potluck discussion based on what I have run into.

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Clarification Intro
Last updated 1/18/98
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