Mechanical weathering is different from chemical weathering in
that mechanical weathering
(a) converts minerals to clay
(b) does not change the chemical composition of the rock
(c) involves dissolution of ions
(d) is caused mainly by microorganisms
When water freezes, expanding and breaking apart a rock, this is
an example of
(a) crystal growth
(b) frost wedging
(c) mechanical exfoliation
(d) thermal expansion and contraction
The example I gave in class for the weathering of concrete in
Qatar, a very dry place, was
(a) growth of salt crystals
(b) dissolution of concrete
(c) mechanical exfoliation
(d) thermal expansion and contraction
Climatic factors that influence weathering include all of the
following except
(a) amount of rainfall
(b) mineral composition
(c) variation in temperature
(d) vegetation
In a climate with very large amounts of rainfall, which of the
following is least likely to be removed from the soil?
(a) aluminum
(b) chloride
(c) potassium
(d) sodium
The most important process in the formation of soils is
(a) the conversion of feldspars to clay
(b) the downward movement of water
(c) microorganisms
(d) spheroidal weathering of boulders
In which of the following locations is the soil formed likely to
be thinnest?
(a) top of a hill
(b) side of a hill
(c) base of a hill
(d) in the valley below the hill
In the A horizon of a soil profile in a humid climate, which of
the following is not true?
(a) dissolved minerals are precipitated
(b) feldspars are converted to clays
(c) infiltrating water is acidic
(d) ions are leached from minerals
(e) small particles are suspended in water and carried downward
Mars is the red planet. The color is probably due to
(a) chemical weathering of iron
(b) high heat
(c) red algae
(d) space dust
Detrital sediments consists of
(a) previously dissolved minerals extracted from water by living
organisms
(b) previously dissolved minerals which precipitate from solution in
water
(c) the shells and skeletons of formerly living organisms
(d) solid fragments of preexisting igneous, sedimentary, or
metamorphic rocks
The coarsest naturally occurring sediments are likely to be found
in which of the following locations?
(a) beneath the French Market
(b) in deep water of the Gulf of Mexico
(c) beneath the New Orleans Lakefront Airport
(d) beneath UNO's campus
If a sediment consists of a variety of rocks and minerals with
large, angular grains, the sediment
(a) has been transported a long distance from its source
(b) has been extensively weathered
(c) is near its source
(d) was transported by wind
Which of the following results in the most sorting by size of
sediment grains?
(a) chemical precipitation
(b) consistent water velocity
(c) varying water velocity
(d) transport by glaciers
After a flood, as the flood waters slow and then recede, which of
the following sequences of sediment would be deposited? (Note: silt is
intermediate in size between sand and clay.)
(a) first clay, then sand, then silt
(b) first clay, then silt, then sand
(c) first sand, then clay, then silt
(d) first sand, the silt, then clay
After a flood, the new sediment is separated from the old sediment
by
(a) a bedding plane
(b) cross-beds
(c) graywackes
(d) mudcracks
Which of the following is not a detrital sedimentary rock?
(a) breccia
(b) mudstone
(c) graywacke
(d) limestone
Breccias have different grain shapes than conglomerates,
indicating a difference in
(a) cementation of the sediment
(b) the original parent material of the sediment
(c) recrystallization of minerals
(d) transport of the sediment that was lithified.
Which of the following is not a inorganic chemical
sedimentary rock?
(a) coal
(b) gypsum
(c) inorganic limestone
(d) salt
In which of the following continental environments would you
expect sediment to contain the most organic material?
(a) cave
(b) desert
(c) glacial
(d) lakes and swamps
(e) river
Lake Pontchartrain is an estuary. Which of the following is
not one of its characteristics?
(a) brackish water
(b) polluted
(c) protected from the open ocean
(d) sediment is rich in organic material
(e) well-sorted coarse sediments
Which of following sediments is likely to be associated with a
subduction zone?
(a) chert
(b) coal
(c) graywacke
(d) quartz-arenite
Which is the following is not a way in which sufficient
temperatures are produced for metamorphism?
(a) depths greater than 10km
(b) friction between tectonic plates
(c) heat produced by recrystallization
(d) magmatic intrusions
In which of the following rocks are mica flakes the biggest?
(a) migmatite
(b) phyllite
(c) slate
(d) schist
Which of the following is most likely to result in a vein
of gold?
(a) burial metamorphism
(b) fault metamorphism
(c) hydrothermal metamorphism
(d) shock metamorphism
If we heated a gneiss to 1000 degrees C, which of the following
would not happen?
(a) a migmatite would form
(b) the felsic portion of the gneiss would melt
(c) the mafic portion of the gneiss would melt
(d) a rock that is part igneous and part metamorphic would result
Which of the following is a metamorphic rock best known for its
associated environmental problems?
(a) asbestos
(b) lead ore
(c) pyrite
(d) uranium ore
Younger sediments are generally deposited on top of older
sediments. This is a statement of
(a) uniformitarianism
(b) original horizontality
(c) superposition
(d) cross-cutting relationships
The matching up of geologic units across an area on the basis of
age or type of rock is called
(a) correlation
(b) faunal succession
(c) inclusions
(d) superposition
Which of the following is not a type of absolute age-dating
technique?
(a) dendrochronology
(b) fission-track dating
(c) faunal succession
(d) radioactive decay
Which of the following dominated during the Cenozoic Era
(a) blue-green algae
(b) dinosaurs
(c) mammals
(d) marine invertebrates
At the beginning of the Phanerozoic Eon, what evolutionary
development radically altered the preservation of fossils?
(a) the development by species of hard parts, including shells and
skeletons
(b) the evolution of the first land plants and animals
(c) the formation of the oceans
(d) the increase of oxygen in the atmosphere
If weathering removes from a rock more of the daughter product
from radioactive decay than the parent isotope, the apparent age
of the rock would be
(a) older than the true age
(b) unaffected
(c) younger than the true age
When answering the following questions, choose a for True and b for
False.
In a desert, mechanical weathering dominates over chemical
weathering.
The best soils for agriculture are mixtures of coarse and fine
material with significant organic content.
Gypsum grains would become more rounded by transport than quartz
grains transported in the same way.
Lithification is the process of converting sediments to
sedimentary rocks.
Stalagmites form at the top of caves.
Directed pressure results from deep burial of sediment.
Limestone that is metamorphosed becomes marble.
Most regional metamorphism is due to magmatic intrusions.
Fractures don't exist before the rock they break.
Index fossils are more likely to have originated in the ocean than
on land.
Carbon-14 dating is most commonly used to estimate the age of
dinosaur bones.
The earliest life forms were marine invertebrates.
The following questions are about slides that I will show during
the test.
The person in the slide shown
(a) is on his way to a Mardis Gras ball
(b) offered me a cheap camel ride
(c) sold me a fake Persian carpet
(d) tried to pick up my wife
In the slide shown, if the sediment is eventually buried and
lithified, it will result in
(a) coal
(b) cross-bedding
(c) limestone
(d) shale
The marks in the rock shown are the result of
(a) animal tracks
(b) a bushy plant in the original sediment
(c) human activity
(d) worms
The term for the sediment shown is
(a) cross-bedding
(b) desert pavement
(c) loess
(d) shale
The white crystals shown are all of the following except
(a) salt
(b) evaporites
(c) organic limestone
(d) the result of evaporation of sea water
Which best describes the sediment shown?
(a) poorly sorted and angular
(b) poorly sorted and rounded
(c) well sorted and angular
(d) well sorted and rounded
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