When the surface of a rock peels off like sunburned skin, we call
this
(a) compression
(b) dissolution
(c) exfoliation
(d) frost wedging
Thermal expansion and contraction causes mechanical weathering
because of the different expansion rates of various minerals. The
household device that I mentioned in class that best demonstrates this
concept is
(a) air conditioner
(b) microwave
(c) refrigerator
(d) thermostat
In a desert, which of the following types of weathering is likely
to dominate?
(a) biological weathering
(b) chemical weathering
(c) dissolution
(d) mechanical weathering
Which type of weathering is responsible for the formation of
sinkholes in Florida?
(a) dissolution
(b) exfoliation
(c) frost wedging
(d) thermal expansion and contraction
I repeated in class several times that the main reason that we
care about weathering by hydrolysis is because of
(a) the conversion of feldspars to clays
(b) the creation of spheroidal weathering
(c) the dissolution of limestone
(d) the fracturing of concrete structures
In which of the following environments is the O layer in soil
likely to be thinnest?
(a) desert
(b) forest
(c) grassland
(d) swamp
The most important factor in the formation of soils is
(a) the downward movement of water
(b) the parent material
(c) time
(d) topography
Mars is called the red planet because of
(a) biological weathering
(b) chemical weathering
(c) dissolution
(d) mechanical weathering
Which of the following is not true about a conglomerate?
(a) the sediment has been mechanically weathered
(b) the sediment is near its source (parent rock)
(c) the sediment is well rounded
(d) the sediment was transported by water
Lithification is the process of turning sediments into sedimentary
rocks. Which of the following is not part of the process?
(a) compaction
(b) cementation
(c) hydrolysis
(d) recrystallization
Arkoses contain more than 25% feldspar, with angular and poorly
sorted grains. Which of the following is most likely true about the
sediment that formed the arkoses.
(a) It underwent very much chemical weathering.
(b) It was near its source (parent material).
(c) It was once beach sand.
(d) It was once an old marsh.
Which of the following statements about coal is not true?
(a) Coal is formed as a precipitate from sea water due to
evaporation or a change in temperature.
(b) It formed from old swamps where little oxygen is available during
the decay of plants.
(c) It formed from plant remains.
(d) The higher the temperature and pressure coal is subjected to, the
harder and purer the coal.
One result of the closing of the Straits of Gibraltar between 10
and 8 million years ago was
(a) the accumulation of vast salt deposits beneath the Mediterranean
Sea
(b) the extermination of the cedars of Lebanon
(c) the formation of the Alps
(d) the interruption of trade with Greece
Where a river meets a large body of water, such as an ocean, what
forms is called a
(a) delta
(b) estuary
(c) lagoon
(d) natural levee
Which of the following is not true about metamorphic rocks
formed by directed pressure?
(a) They are commonly the result of regional metamorphism.
(b) They are foliated.
(c) They are formed at the deepest parts of subduction zones.
(d) They are formed by continental collisions.
The black wall that you walked by as you entered the Geology
Building is made of
(a) gneiss
(b) phyllite
(c) schist
(d) slate
Metamorphosed limestone, commonly used for sculptures, is
(a) marble
(b) quartzite
(c) hornfels
(d) gneiss
In the transition from slate to phyllite to schist, the main
characteristic change is
(a) a change in cleavage
(b) the growth of mica flakes
(c) the separation of felsic and mafic minerals
(d) the partial melting of mafic minerals
Metamorphism that is the result of relatively high heat but low
pressure is probably
(a) contact metamorphism
(b) regional metamorphism
(c) hydrothermal metamorphism
(d) shock metamorphism
In class, I passed around an example of schist, plus examples of
mineral specimens found within the schist. (I gathered them on a field
trip to a glacier in the Alps.) The mineral found in the schist was
(a) diamond
(b) emerald
(c) garnet
(d) opal
In the figure below, which is older,
(a) Bed B
(b) Dike D
In the figure below, the youngest feature is
(a) Bed A
(b) Bed B
(c) Bed C
(d) Dike D
(e) Bed E
In the figure below, the feature labelled X is
(a) an angular unconformity
(b) a bedding plane
(c) a foliation plane
(d) an intrusion
In the figure below are three zones of metamorphism, marked A-C.
Which represents metamorphism under low-temperature but high-pressure
conditions?
In the figure below, in which zone (A, B or C) are the metamorphic
rocks formed most likely to be foliated?
If I start with 1kg of a radioactive isotope that has a half-life
of 100 years, how much of its daughter product will I produce after 200
years?
(a) 1kg
(b) 0.75kg
(c) 0.5kg
(d) 0.25kg
Another term for the Cenozoic Era is
(a) The Age of Aquarius
(b) The Age of Dinosaurs
(c) The Age of Mammals
(d) The Age of Reptiles
The primary reason that geologists consider so important the
evolution of shells and other hard parts of organisms (and use it to
mark the beginning of the Paleozoic Era) is
(a) the improved probability of preservation in the fossil record
(b) the increasing complexity of life
(c) the protection they offer the organisms
(d) the reduction of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
In Highlight 8-1 are discussed fossil evidence of an organism's
presence, such a burrows, tracks, and footprints. We call these
fossils
(a) coprolites
(b) molds
(c) permafrost
(d) trace fossils
True/False: Put A for True and B for False
Mechanical weathering causes a change in the composition of a rock.
Relative dating is something that is most commonly practiced in
Arkansas.
The formation of rust is an example of mechanical weathering.
Weathering on the Moon is dominated by chemical weathering.
Sediments with large grain sizes are likely to be found near the
mouth of the Mississippi River.
Mudcracks form on the bottom of layers of sediments.
Chert is a chemical precipitate from silica-rich waters that was
often used for stone-age weapons.
Most organic limestones form in warm, shallow water.
Stalactites form on the floors of caves.
Beach sediments are usually poorly sorted.
Lake Pontchartrain is an example of an estuary.
A continental collision is likely to slow the production of
sediment.
The Principle of Original Horizontality is based on the fact that
most sediments settle out from bodies of water and are deposited
horizontally or nearly horizontally.
Fossils are used primarily for absolute age dating.
From the slides: We will view slides together in class.
The following questions are based on these slides.
The rock shown is a
(a) gneiss
(b) phyllite
(c) schist
(d) slate
In the slide of a hillside in Haiti, the conditions are primarily
due to
(a) deforestation
(b) mining
(c) preparation for construction of a dam
(d) the wet climate
In the slide, the rock shown formed from sediments that were
originally
(a) a marsh
(b) a natural levee
(c) a sand dune
(d) a swamp
The mountains shown in the slide formed
(a) from a continent-continent collision
(b) from dissolution of limestone along fractures
(c) as volcanoes
(d) near a subduction zone
The slide shown was taken in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. The
most likely rock to be found in the area is
(a) granite
(b) gneiss
(c) limestone
(d) schist
The slide shown is of an Alpine glacier in Austria. The sediment
transported and deposited by the glacier is most likely
(a) fine grained
(b) poorly sorted
(c) well rounded
(d) well sorted
The piece of sediment shown is
(a) coal
(b) detrital sediment
(c) inorganic chemical sediment
(d) organic chemical sediment
File translated from
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version 2.65. On 9 Nov 2000, 16:25.
