The father of modern geology is
(a) Louis Alverez
(b) Hugh Hefner
(c) James Hutton
(d) George Washington
Which of the following best explains the difference between a
theory and a hypothesis?
(a) There is no difference.
(b) A hypothesis is more useful for making predictions than a theory.
(c) A theory has more supporting evidence than a hypothesis.
(d) More scientists believe in the truth of a theory than of a
hypothesis.
A clay layer approximately 1 inch thick with a high concentration
of iridium has been found worldwide in rocks whose age corresponds to
the extinction dates for the dinosaurs. Which of the following ideas
is not related to the presence of this layer?
(a) A giant meteorite may have struck the Earth
(b) Massive eruptions took place in India's Deccan plateau
(c) Near the iridium layer, dinosaurs fossils are much more
common in older rocks older than in younger rocks
(d) Iridium is common in meteorites but not in terrestrial rocks
Which of the following is the best example of the principle of
Uniformitarianism?
(a) Gravity does not affect things in outer space.
(b) Humans are destroying the rain forests.
(c) The dinosaurs were killed by a meteorite impact.
(d) When we see sea water evaporating today to form salt
deposits and find salt deposits underground, we believe that the salt formed from
evaporating sea water.
During the Iron Catastrophe, which of the following did not
happen?
(a) Molten iron was pulled by gravity toward the center of Earth.
(b) Silicon and oxygen rose to the surface of the Earth.
(c) Some of the gases trapped within the Earth escaped to form Earth's
oceans.
(d) The Earth cooled below the melting point of iron.
A rock that forms under high heat and pressure but without melting
is
(a) alimentary
(b) igneous
(c) metamorphic
(d) sedimentary
When two continental plates converge, which of the following is
formed?
(a) subduction zone
(b) mountains
(c) transform fault
(d) rift valley
The most likely driving force for plate motion is
(a) circulation in convection cells
(b) the density of oceanic plates
(c) the rotation of Earth
(d) the toothpaste-like quality of the asthenosphere
In the amazing story of the Bre-X mine, the geologist who was
likely guilty of faking gold content
(a) disappeared without a trace
(b) had his face eaten off by wild pigs
(c) stashed millions of dollars in a Swiss Bank account
(d) was imprisoned
At Lake Nyos, Cameroon, the 1,700 deaths resulted from
(a) a mass suicide
(b) a massive earthquake
(c) a volcanic eruption
(d) eruption of carbon dioxide gas
The isotope of an element is determined by
(a) the charge of the element
(b) the number of electrons
(c) the number of protons plus neutrons
(d) the rate at which it decays
When two atoms bond by sharing electrons, it is called
(a) ionic bonding
(b) covalent bonding
(c) intermolecular bonding
(d) relative bonding
The most abundant elements in the Earth's crust are
(a) calcium and carbon
(b) hydrogen and helium
(c) iron and magnesium
(d) oxygen and silicon
When we say that a mineral looks metallic, we are discussing its
(a) effervescence
(b) hardness
(c) luster
(d) streak
Which of the following classes of minerals is the most common?
(a) carbonates
(b) native elements
(c) silicates
(d) sulfides
If I heat a group of rocks to 1000 degrees Celsius, which of the
following will most likely occur?
(a) any felsic rocks will melt
(b) any mafic rocks will melt
(c) both a and b
(d) neither a nor b
Which of the following rocks are formed from the lava that has the
lowest viscosity?
(a) andesite
(b) basalt
(c) gabbro
(d) rhyolite
Which of the following rocks is formed from magma that is densest?
(a) andesite
(b) basalt
(c) diorite
(d) granite
Which of the following rocks is likely to be darkest in color?
(a) basalt
(b) granite
(c) gypsum
(d) rhyolite
Which of the following rocks is most likely to melt at a lower
temperature?
(a) andesite
(b) basalt
(c) gabbro
(d) rhyolite
Which of the following rocks has the highest silica content?
(a) andesite
(b) basalt
(c) diorite
(d) granite
Which of the following is not a likely source of heat in the
Earth?
(a) decay of radioactive isotopes
(b) frictional heat produced as the plates move against each other
(c) heat from solar energy
(d) heat produced during the formation of the Earth
If we start with magma and cool it gradually, which of the
following is not likely to occur?
(a) a change in magma composition
(b) formation of volcanic glass
(c) fractional crystallization
(d) growth of crystals
A pluton forms
(a) on Pluto
(b) as an intrusive rock body
(c) when lava solidifies while still in the air
(d) mainly at transform plate boundaries
The only igneous rocks found in the oceanic crust are
(a) andesites and diorites
(b) basalts and gabbros
(c) limestones and gypsum
(d) rhyolites and granite
Andesites are most likely to be found
(a) at mid-oceanic spreading centers
(b) in rift valleys
(c) near subduction zones
(d) at oceanic hot spots
Rhyolites are most likely to be found
(a) in Hawaii
(b) in Louisiana
(c) on the Moon
(d) at Yellowstone National Park
Which of the following would not tend to make a volcanic
eruption more explosive?
(a) carbon dioxide dissolved in the magma
(b) low viscosity magma
(c) magma with high silica content
(d) water vapor dissolved in the magma
Before or during the eruption of Mt. St. Helens, which of the
following did not occur?
(a) a geologist studying the eruption was killed by it
(b) heat given off by the volcano decreased
(c) small-scale tremors increased in frequency
(d) the top began to bulge
After Mount Mazama erupted, which of the following did not
occur?
(a) a geologist studying the eruption was killed by it
(b) Crater Lake formed
(c) islands formed from small volcanic cones
(d) the summit of the mountain collapsed inward into the volcano,
shortening it by thousands of feet
Composite cones are most likely to occur near
(a) continent-continent collisions
(b) mid-oceanic spreading centers
(c) oceanic hot spots
(d) subduction zones
True/False: Put A for True and B for False
The densest planets are closest to the Sun.
The lithosphere includes the crust and the upper part of the
mantle.
An orderly structure of atoms is required in order to form a
mineral.
Radioactive decay is used primarily for relative dating.
The best way of distinguishing between two minerals is color.
Most common ores are silicates.
Sheetrock (drywall) is made from carbonate rock.
The difference between diorite and andesite is in the silica
content.
The greater the pressure, the higher temperature needed to melt
minerals.
The lunar marie formed along subduction zones.
Andesitic and rhyolitic lavas are generally too viscous to yield
pahoehoe.
Pyroclastics are fragments of solid rock, such as coal, that are
capable of being burned.
The main types of volcanoes on Hawaii are composite cones.
From the slides: We will view slides together in class.
The following questions are based on these slides.
The volcano shown in the slide is from the area in Kenya near where I
lived. The type of lava it most likely erupts is
(a) andesite
(b) basalt
(c) granite
(d) rhyolite
The purpose of the Old River Control Structure, shown in the
slide, is
(a) to control how much fresh water enters Lake Pontchartrain
(b) to control how much water goes from the Mississippi River to the
Atchafalaya River
(c) to control the depth of water in swamps and wetlands
(d) to keep your tax dollars flowing to the Corps of Engineers
The rocks in the slide shown
(a) are a fishing spot in a popular recreational area
(b) are the result of weathering of nearby mountains
(c) are used to slow subsidence
(d) protect the banks of the Mississippi River against erosion
The rock shown is most likely
(a) felsic extrusive
(b) felsic intrusive
(c) mafic extrusive
(d) mafic intrusive
The rock from outside Laramie, Wyoming, shown in the closeup,
is
(a) felsic extrusive
(b) felsic intrusive
(c) mafic extrusive
(d) mafic intrusive
The rock in the previous slide is
(a) basalt
(b) diorite
(c) gabbro
(d) granite
File translated from
TEX
by
TTH,
version 2.65. On 9 Nov 2000, 16:25.
