皮膚科


概論


Summary

First we discussed the development , histological characters,and structure of the skin.The main point is the molecular cell biology of epidermis--that is,the cytoskeletons and anchoring proteins of epidermal cells,and cell-cell interaction molecules.Then we introduced some basic terms of dermatology,such as macule,papule, nodule,vesicle,bulla,wheal,plaque,scale,pustule,and so on.It is important to bera them in mind and distinguish them.Finally came some tests,including patch test,intradermal test,RAST.
Primary ectoderm變成secondary ectoderm及 neuroectoderm.Epidermis來自secondray ectoderm,而melanocytes來自neuroectoderm. 分為stratum corneum,lucidum,granulosum,malphighii.
細胞間有所謂desmosome連結;此即棘狀層所見者。
基底層與真皮間只在基底層有desmosome的構造,所以叫做half-desmosome(or hemidesmosome)
老師似乎喜歡desmosome之結構。要注意。
  • 表皮細胞間(到basal lamina?)的連結破壞--epidermolysis
  • Basal lamina出問題--dermolysis
  • Basal lamina到anchoring fibril間有問題--dermolysis. Melanocyte: 其內之melanosome之形成分四階段,1-2階段電顯仍可見條紋狀,第四期就一坨黑黑的。Melanosome會被granulocyte吃掉代謝。
    Langethans cell和type 4 allergic reaction(delayed hypersensitivity)有關。內有網球拍狀的顆粒。

    PE:

    duration,site & onset,itching,burning,pain,wet,dry.
    **site很重要。

    Terms:

  • Macule:平平的。可為蜘蛛狀血管(肝硬化)。Contact dermatitis也會。
  • 有一種是Peutz-Jaeger syndrome,病人小腸有息肉,外表有macule。在急診腸阻塞時可應用這點。
  • Papule:丘疹。可分表皮、真皮,及混合的lesion.又可分為漿液性、充實性等。Solid papule主要是真皮的問題。
  • Nodule:變化也主要在真皮。比papule大。
  • Vesicle:<1cm.
  • Bulla:>1cm.
    (液體可存在於三個位置。)
  • Wheal:elevated,compressible,transient lesion caused by dermal edema.
  • Plaque:小的papule融合在一起。
    **注意primary lesion和secondary lesion之分別。
  • Scale:脫皮。
  • Pustule:水泡。
  • Erosion,fissure,ulcer,crust.要會分。
  • Erosion:表皮。-->ulceration:吃到真皮或皮下。

    Test:

  • Patch test:將過敏原塗在濾紙上,貼在皮膚,引起第4型反應。
  • Intradermal test:好像說比較危險又不是很準?
  • Radioallergosorbent test(RAST,放射變應原吸附試驗)
  • Photosensitivity:病人有對日光或sun lamp過敏。用black light可驗porphyria患者之uroporphyrinogen?-->see Stryer Biochem.
  • Urticaria:皮膚上可簽字。
    Jay M. Yang.Last updated Thursday, September 25, 1997
    Please tell me anything wrong you find in the text.
    [email protected]
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