Malakoplakia


各位同學,今天我們來談malakoplakia。
首先我們把病歷看一下。老師在病歷部分主要補充如下:
這個病歷很難。主任從大五的開始問,問到住院答案還五花八門。後來被吳義勇大夫擺平了。
本病是在一九○二年首先由Michaelis & Gutmann所發表。這是一個罕見的寄主對慢性感染的反應。其在巨觀上為軟而黃的斑塊和結節。它的致病機轉眾說紛紜,比較被人接受的是細胞內的cGMP level下降(這好像會影響白血球消化所吞噬之物的人力),以及細胞內微管系統功能異常(這好像會使組織單核球將溶小體推出從細胞外的作用失常)。
本病發病年齡,女性大多在三十到五十歲,而男性則大於五十歲;女性比男性多(大約是三比一)。病人免疫功能大多不佳,如有全身性疾病、免疫功能不全,和自體免疫疾病等。而唯一可確定的病原,是細菌感染,主要是大腸桿菌

病理特徵:

是看

Michaelis-Gutmman(MG) body

。MG body是histiocytes中phagolysosome礦物化所形成,是鐵和鈣的沈積。它的大小在2到10um作用,看起來就像打靶的靶:中間密度較高,而旁邊有一圈較透明的區域,最外面又有一圈較密集的。用以下染色可看出來:PAS、von-Kossa、Prussian blue、alizarin red、Gomori reagent。 本病有三個phase:early(prediagnostic phase)—老師說這一期可能看不到MG body。Classical 和fibrosing phases老師則說必可看到MG body。可是參考資料說MG body在本病之發展良好的病灶必定出現,但在極早和極晚期則可能看不到。

治療:

1.long-term intracellularlly active antibiotics;2.cholinergic agent & ascorbic acid(controversal)(據信可增加細胞內的cGMP以及促進微管的功能)3.surgery
老師秀了一個期刊的資料,說若停止對免疫作用的抑制、或使用quinolones-ciprofloxacin,都有顯著療效。若使用bethanechol+ascorbic acud+surgery,paper居然說100%有效。 所以治療就是:I & D(incision & draining)+quinolone。
其他:結腸有相同的病灶;而蔓延到外面去的,最常到膀胱;在膀胱的預後較佳。不過要擔心stricture和stenosis。而消化道以直腸、結腸比較常見。廢物的malakoplakia漸漸多起來,可能是和AIDS有關。老師說了一個奇怪的菌名,說要看看有沒有培養它出來…。
潘大夫則提到年齡的分布是bimodal,有成人型和小孩型。預後要看location、extent、underlying disease。潘大夫又秀了北榮以前的幾個case。可惜我沒有記清楚。

重要的是,這個病不能當作好的,因為要是侵犯到vital organ,會有危險。


以上摘要由語音輸入系統神筆天韻輸入,謝謝收看。 以下資料就是我說老師秀的期刊。

Malacoplakia

Two Case Reports and a Comparison of Treatment Modalities Based on a Literature Review
Peter H. J. van der Voort, MD; Jos J. A. M. ten Velden, MD; Ronald P. Wassenaar, MD; Joseph Silberbusch, PhD, MD
Malacoplakia is a rare infectious disease that has been almost exclusively reported in urology and pathology journals. We studied two cases of malacoplakia that were primarily referred to the department of internal medicine because of fever and abdominal masses. In one patient, malacoplakia was diagnosed in the unusual ovarian location, while in the other patient a large renal mass was found and ciprofloxacin therapy failed because of bacterial resistance. The clinical and radiologic appearance of malacoplakia often mimics that of a malignant tumor. The principal disorder is probably a monocytic-macrophagic bactericidal defect. A definitive diagnosis depends on microscopic detection of Michaelis-Gutmann bodies by means of von Kossa stain. We outlined treatment strategies on the basis of a review of the literature since 1981, which included 140 cases. If possible, immunosuppressive drugs should be stopped. Quinolone antibiotic treatment and surgical excision or incision and drainage lead to the highest cure rates (90% and 81%, respectively). Specific intracellular penetration of quinolone antibiotics is a possible reason for the higher cure rate achieved with these antibiotics. Bethanechol has been suggested to correct the supposed fundamental disturbance by increasing the intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate concentration, but there is still no convincing evidence of its clinical efficacy.
(Arch Intern Med. 1996;156:577-583)

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