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Riley, BB.Perna R. Tate DG. Forchheimer M, Anderson C. Luera G.: Types of spiritual well-being among persons with chronic illness: theirrelation to various forms of quality of life.Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 79(3):258-64, 1998 Mar.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Derive a spiritual well-being classification and thereby enhanceunderstanding of the relation between spiritual well-being, quality of life(QOL), and health among persons with chronic illness or disability. DESIGN: Cluster analyses were performed to develop a spiritual well-beingclassification. Analysis of variance was used to compare cluster groups onvarious dimensions of QOL. SETTING: Part of a larger QOL study conducted at amidwestern medical center. PATIENTS: A convenience sample of 216 inpatients:amputation (n = 74), postpolio (n = 37), spinal cord injury (n = 34), breastcancer (n = 36), and prostate cancer (n = 35). Minors were excluded from thestudy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS), FunctionalAssessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT), Functional Living Index-Cancer (FLIC),Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), Medical Outcome Survey-Short Form (SF-36), andthe Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). RESULTS: Three types of spiritualwell-being were identified: religious (n = 146), existential (n = 37), andnonspiritual (n = 30). Significant cluster differences (p < .03 to p < .001)were observed across all QOL domains and life satisfaction. Compared with theother cluster groups, the nonspiritual group reported significantly lowerlevels of QOL and life satisfaction and the highest proportion of healthstatus change with respect to both improvement and decline in health.CONCLUSIONS: Three types of spiritual well-being were empirically identifiedin this sample. Subtypes differed significantly with respect to variousaspects of QOL. Further research is needed to validate this classification and to determine if type of spiritual well-being has a causal effect ontreatment outcome or on the recovery process.
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