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| Debate- An extended argument (Logical reasoning + Evidence = Debate) Propositions of fact- debates which hinge on whether something is true or false Propositions of value- debates which hinge on the value of something or the morals of it Proposition of policy- debates about what we ought to do in society; they deal with laws/gov Proposition- a policy proposal change Resolution- The actual official wording of the topic to be debated Affirmative- The team which proposes change, and supports the resolution(Aff) They always start and end a debate Negative- (Neg) The team opposing the resolution; they support the status quo (SQ) Status Quo- The way we currently do things, in policy debate, our current laws/policies Presumption- (negative's term) things are presumed great in SQ until proven otherwise Burden of Proof- affirmative duty to attack the status quo and show why change is needed Constructive Speeches- (8 min) used to establish main arguments and introduce new ones (1AC, 1NC, 2AC, 2NC = the 4 constructive speeches. Cross Examination-(each is 3 min) question and answer period used by both teams to clarify points made by the opposing team and to set up future arguments. (CX) Rebuttal Speeches- (5 min) Used to refute the positions your opponents have made against your constructive arguments. Each team tells the judge why their team has won.(1NR, 1AR, 2NR, 2AR = the rebuttals in a debate) Negative block- the 12 min period in the middle of a debate which negs can use to weaken the affs position in the debate. It consists of 2NC/1NR speeches interrupted by 1 CX Evidence = Proof of your logical arguments Factual data - evidence that is pure reporting (newspapers and mags, especially tech mags are good for this type of data. empirical data- produced from scientific studies, lab experiments and surveys anecdotal- consists of individual reports (sometimes consists of only isolated incidents) authoritative opinion- comments made by experts in a particular field. Many of these opinions can be used to show a cause and effect relationship conclusionary evidence- similar to authoritiative opinion in that an expert is giving his opinion on something, but here he is not giving the reasons behind his beliefs ***7 tests of good evidence:*** 1. Is the material timely? Not outdated by more than a few (up to 4 ) years 2. Is the author of the evidence qualified to make the statements he does? 3. Is the author unbiased? 4. Is the conclusion drawn from the evidence broad enough to be used or does it hinge on words like "may" or "might" "sometimes" 5. Is the conclusion based on valid research? Example statistics of only a small population may not be valid when talking about the general public or a large country. 6. Does the evidence supply reasons and conclusions? (supply a connection between cause and effect?) 7. Is the evidence relevant to the argument made? Briefs- prepared lists of evidence and analysis, used to respond to arguments of opponent Flowing- taking notes of all major arguments in a debate, and evidence. Flowchart- the map of all the major arguments in a debate. It should be evident from a flowchart which arguments were covered and which left unattacked. Those left untouched can be "pulled across" as a win for the team who made the argument. Stock Issues- There are 4 in a debate. An aff team must have all in the 1AC and adequately defend them or they lose. (Harm, Inherency, Solvency, Cost) |
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