Steno (Speed Writing)
For optimal writing speed, only what is heard is written.
Out of 16 forms of stenography in the world, Forkner is the simplest. It was first introduced in 1952 by Dr. Hamden L. Forkner, Sr. He reduced the English alphabet to 19 letters ("stenographs") some of which are capitalized to which he added a few symbols to create an easy-to-use abbreviated-word-form of speed writing.
2 Kinds of Stenographs
1. unattached/disjointed when replacing affixes in a word (i.e. prefixes and suffixes)
2. attached/jointed often combining single syllabic words into a single steno unit
To maximize the use of Forkner Shorthand stenographs in order to achieve an optimal speed as many words as possible are joined together.
Inevitably, writing speed increases as the user's style becomes more eliptical tending to create word outlines rather than writing in shorthand every sound.This reduces the number of stenographs used.It also means relying more on the contextual part of the message.
1. Punctuation marks within a sentence are circled except the comma which sports an upside down "v".
2. Considered extraneous and redundant, the dots in the question mark and the exclamation mark are left out.
3. Two forward slashes mark the end of a paragraph.
.4. A proper noun (i.e. a name) is indicated by a check mark below the word.
To achieve the greatest speed, a fountain pen 
is traditionally used as it tends to glide easily and readily over paper, but a felt-tip pen would probably be equally fast.
The standard two columnar steno pad is recommended because it is compact and portable. Once a column has been successfully transcribed, a diagonal line is then used to cross it out.
Remember a stenograph is written with as few strokes as possible.
|
English form |
Stenograph |
Transribe: |
| 1. Short
__ <e> |
NIL |
tell |
| 2. Long
__ <e> |
< e > |
freer |
| 3. Long
__ <i> |
undotted < i > |
sigh |
| 4. Short
__ <i> |
< dot > |
riddle |
| 5. <oi>
__ <oy> |
< i > |
coy |
| 6. Long
__ <a> |
apostrophe < ' > |
ray |
| 7. <t> |
uncrossed < t > |
fret |
| 8. <o> |
comma < , > |
clone |
| 9. <ou>
__ <ow> |
< o > |
clown |
| 10. <oo>
__ <u>
|
small backward slash < \ > |
rule |
| 11. <-tion>
__ <-ion> __ <-ian> |
small vertical slash descending below the line |
caption |
| 12. <qu> |
< q > |
quick |
| 13. <k> |
< c > |
rack |
| 14. Soft
__ <c> |
< s > |
race |
| 15. <h> |
flat short line < - > |
happy |
| 16. <m> |
flat line < __ > |
metal |
| 17. <ment> |
< m > |
comment |
| 18. <-nce>
__ <-nse> |
<n> disjointed |
rinse |
| 19. <be->
__ <de-> __ <re-> |
< b- > < d- > < r- > |
behave |
| 20. <well>
__ <w-> __ <wh-> |
an upwards diagonal line starting below the line < / > |
well-done |
| 21. <awa>
__ <away> |
a couple of apostrophes < '' > |
runaway |
| 22. <-d>
_ <-ed> (past tense) |
a flat tick under the last stenograph < _ > |
clogged |
| 23. <-ly> |
a hyphen < - > |
really |
| 24. Soft
__ <g> __ <j> |
an undotted < j > |
jack |
| 25. <-nge> |
< j > |
cringe |
| 26. <in->
__ <en-> __ <un-> |
a cursive capital < N > |
enter |
| 27. <-s>
__ <-es> |
an upwards diagonal line < / > |
cars |
| 28. <-'s>
__ <-s'> |
an upwards diagonal line with a circled apostrophe < / > |
year's |
| 29. <ax>
__ <ex> __ <ox> |
a descending diagonal line towards the line < \ > |
oxen |
| 30. <-ng>
__ <thing> |
a concave upward stroke |
ring |
| 31. <-nk> |
a concave upward stroke ending with the letter < c > |
rink |
| 32. <-nt>
__ <-nd> __ <and> |
a convex upward stroke that returns to the line |
winding |
| 33. <sh> |
< s > with the last stroke passing through it |
rash |
| 34. <ch> |
a printed < c > with the stroke of the previous or next stenograph passing through it |
chirp |
| 35. Hard
__ <s> __ Hard __ <z> |
a cursive < z > |
sunrise |
| 36. <ad>
__ <add> |
a cursive capital < A > |
addendum |
| 37. <th-> |
a straight vertical line crossed at the centre |
thought |
| 38. <trans-> |
a printed capital < T > disjointed |
transit |
| 39. <-ct> |
< c > |
strict |
| 40. <sp> |
a printed < s > |
spade |
| 41. <an> |
< a > |
anagram |
| 42. <st> |
a cursive capital < S > |
rest |
| 43. <city>
__ <-sity> |
cursive capital < S > disjointed |
city-bred |
| 44. <-rt>
__ <-rd> |
a cursive capital < R > |
weird |
| 45. <-rity> |
a cursive capital < R > disjointed |
gritty |
| 46. <-bility> |
a cursive capital < B > |
capability |
| 47. <scribe>
__ <script> |
a printed capital < S > disjointed |
manuscript |
|
48. <dis-> __ <des-> |
a cursive capital < D > |
distain |
| 49. <incl->
__ <enclose> |
a cursive capital < I > |
inclusively |
| 50. <-itis>
__ <-icitis> |
a cursive capital < I > |
sinusitis |
| 51. <instr-> |
a cursive capital < N > disjointed |
instrumental |
| 52. <every>
__ <ever> |
a printed capital < V > disjointed |
everyday |
| 53. <over>
__ <other> |
a cursive capital < O > |
overboard |
| 54. <out> |
< o > |
outing |
| 55. <under> |
< u > |
understate |
| 56. <post>
_<position> |
a printed capital < P > disjointed |
poster |
| 57. <self> |
a cursive < s > disjointed |
self-serving |
| 58. <letter>
__ <liter> |
a cursive capital < L > |
literally |
| 59. <for->
__ <fore-> __ <fur-> __ <fer-> |
a cursive < f > disjointed |
foregone |
| 60. <pre->
__ <pri-> __ <pro-> __ <per-> __ <pur-> |
a cursive < p > disjointed |
personal |
| 61. <sis->
__ <sys-> __ <sus-> __ <cis-> __ <sess-> __ <-cess> |
a cursive capital < Z > |
recess |
| 62. <con->
__<com-> __ <coun-> __<count-> |
a cursive capital < C > |
confess |
| 63.
_<electr-> |
a cursive capital < E > |
electron |
| 64.
_<contr-> |
< k > |
contradict |
| 65. <extr-> |
a printed < x > |
extrovert |
| 66.
_<-ology> |
a cursive < l > disjointed |
cosmology |
| 67.
_<-ulate> |
< u > |
coagulate |
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