unit2sg.htm

Unit 2 Study Guide

UNIT 2: DNA STRUCTURE, HISTORY, AND REPLICATION STUDY GUIDE Objectives: (These are the major things you should know after you have completed this unit.   HINT: These are the areas that you will be tested on!!)
1. Explain Rosalind Franklin's comments after seeing Crick and Watson's correct DNA structure.
2. Outline the sequence of events that led the scientific community from not knowing what the transforming factor was to believing that DNA was the transforming factor.
3. For each of the following scientists, describe
          a) the work they did that is significant to today's understanding of DNA
          b) the conclusions drawn from their work
          c) arguments that affected their work
            Frederick Griffith
            Oswald Avery and Colin MacLeod
            Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
            Francis Crick and James Watson
            Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin
4. For each of the following scientists, state the major contribution each made to DNA science:
           Max Dulbruck, and Salvador Luria
            Linus Pauling (2 things)
            Max von Laue
            John Desmond Bernal
            Friedrich Miescher
            Erwin Chargraff
5. Draw a DNA molecule. Be able to label each of the following:
      phosphate                           Leading and lagging ends
      sugar/deoxyribose              major groove
      adenine                               minor groove
      thymine                               hydrogen bond
      cytosine                              3' and 5' ends
      guanine
6. Describe, in words and/or diagrams how DNA replicates. State when in the cell cycle this occurs.
7. Explain how the enzymes DNA polymerase and DNA helicase are involved in DNA replication.
8. Know the direction of progress in DNA replication.   On a drawing, label the leading and lagging strands; and all 3' and 5' ends.
9. Explain the process of DNA extraction from beef thymus glands.
10.Know the meaning of each of the following terms as they were used in the DNA extraction lab:
           lyse                              insoluble
           lysate                           buffer
           surfactant                    interface
           denature                      fraction
           aqueous solution         proteolytic enzyme
           soluble
11.Know the use for each of the following ingredients in the DNA extraction lab:
      yeast or thymus
      woolite
      meat tenderizer
      alcohol
      baking soda
Vocabulary: (You will be quizzed on these words at the BEGINNING of the unit. This is done before the student begins to read the text. Research has shown that students are more likely to read and understand assignments is they have already been exposed to unfamiliar words.)

   amino acid                   nitrogenous base                  purine
   bacteriophage              nucleotide                             pyrimidine
   complimentary             replication
   double helix                 transcription
   hydrogen bonding       transformation
     antiparallel : term used to describe the opposite orientation of individual
               polynucleotide strands in a double-stranded DNA molecule
     virulent : very poisonous or harmful; deadly
Black Book
Green Book

Textbook Readings :
    Assigned, read, and worksheet completed:
         The Cartoon Guide to Genetics, pages 116-128
    Optional:
         Genetics, a Human Perspective, pages 168-179

Hosted by www.Geocities.ws