* (templum, Cic., Ov., Val. Max., Auct. de vir. ill.):
the famous temple on the Palatine erected after 204 B.C. when the Roman embassy brought from Pessinus the pointed black stone (acus) which represented the goddess (Liv. xxix. 37. 2; xxxvi. 36; de vir; ill. 46. 3; Prudent. Mart. Rom. 206; Serv. ad Aen. vii. 188). It was dedicated on 11th April, 191 B.C., by the praetor M. Junius Brutus, on which occasion the ludi Megalenses were instituted (Liv. loc. cit.; Fast. Praen. ap. CIL i". p. 235, 314-315, cf. p. 251=vi. 32498; Fast. Ant. ap. NS 1921, 91) and celebrated in front of the temple (Cic. de har. resp. 24; cf. for site Ov. Fast. ii. 55; Mart. vii. 73. 3). It was burned in 111 B.C., when the statue of Quinta Cloelia within it was uninjured, restored by a Metellus, probably the consul of 110 B.C., burned again and restored by Augustus in 3 A.D. (Val. Max. i. 8. II; Obseq. 99; Ov. Fast. iv. 347-348; Mon. Anc. iv. 8), and was standing unharmed in the fourth century (Not. Reg. X). It is referred to incidentally under date of 38 B.C. (Cass. Dio xlviii. 43. 4), by Juvenal (ix. 23) as a place of assignation, and in the third century (Hist. Aug. Claud. 4; Aurel. I). The stone needle itself is described by a late writer (Arnob. adv. gentes vii. 49) as small and set in a silver statue of the goddess (cf. Herodianus ab exc. d. Marci i. II; Arnob. v. 5). It was perhaps removed by Elagabalus to his temple (q.v.) on the Palatine (Hist. Aug. Elag. 3; cf. LR 134-138; but cf. BC 1883, 211; HJ 53-54, n. 44).
At the top of the Scalae
Caci, on the west corner of the Palatine,
are the ruins of an ancient temple near which have been found inscriptions
relating to Magna Mater (CIL vi. 496, 1040, 3702= 30967; NS 1896, 186; cf.
CIL xii. 405), a portion of a colossal female figure seated on a throne,
and a fragment of a base with the paws of lions, the regular attendants of
the goddess. These ruins consist of a massive podium made of irregular
pieces of tufa and peperino laid in thick mortar, and fragments of columns
and entablature.
The walls of the podium are 3.84 metres thick (those of the cella
were somewhat thinner) on the sides and 5.50 in the rear,
1 There is considerable divergence of opinion as to the date of the podium; TF 98 attributes it to 110 B.C., and believes that the architectural members were given a new coat of stucco under Augustus. Fiechter (ap. Toeb. 5) assigns the whole to the middle of the first century B.C.; but it does not seem at all necessary to suppose that Augustus would not have used peperino coated with stucco (cf. HJ 53; ASA 23; HFP 61, 62).
This text is based on the following book(s):
A Topographical
Dictionary of Ancient Rome. Samuel Ball Platner. Thomas Ashby. London:
Humphrey Milford. Oxford University Press. 1929.