Index
1. Communications and Dispatch Info
2. Police Info
3. Fire Info
4. Ambulance Info
5. Civil Defense Info
6. Military Info
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Communications and Dispatch
Germany is divided into 16 states and the 16 states are divided into counties/landkreis or cities. Public safety dispatching is primarily divided into 2 systems : police and fire/ambulance.
In Germany, 110 is the police emergency telephone number. Emergency phone calls are answered at police dispatch centers. There is typically one police dispatch center per city or landkreis/county.
112 is the fire/ambulance emergency telephone number. (In some areas, ?190222 is the fire/ems telo number) Again, there is usually one dispatch center per city or landkresi/county. Firefighters are alerted via alpha/numeric pagers. If they are volunteer firefighters they respond to their fire station and staff their vehicles. If they are paid firefighters, they respond to the call from their station. Some proffessional/paid firefighters are alerted via printers or loudspeakers in their fire stations.
In some areas, the police dispatch center answers the 112 line and dispatches the fire and ambulance units in addition to the police units.
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Radio Systems
All police, fire, and ambulance radio systems operate in the 75Mhz, 167Mhz, and 450Mhz ranges. The 75Mhz range is used for relays, mobile radios, and some police portable radios. The 167Mhz range is used for portable radios, relays, and links. The 450Mhz range is used for links that connect the 167Mhz relays. The 167Mhz links are used to connect the 75Mhz relays.
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Radio Frequencies
All fire department units use a core of 10 channels at 75Mhz (Channels 461-470). They are also allocated 4 channels at 167Mhz for simplex fireground portable radios. Ambulance services use approximately 10 channels. FDs and ambulances usually use seperate channels but share paging channels and dispatchers. Police use ???100 channels which are never shared with fire or police units (even though they are sometimes shared with the federal police and customs units).
Backbone/Base Systems - all FM - relays at 75MHz are linked via 167Mhz link channels - in some cases up to 20 relays (at 75Mhz) are linked/chained together in a synchronized system with all 20 relays operating at the same time on the same frequency - 167Mhz relays are used for police operations in some areas - 450Mhz channels are used to link the 167Mhz relays together - typically one 75Mhz channel is used for countywide coverage (1 per service)
Mobile radios - all FM - all at 75Mhz - all transmit with 10 watts - some have 120 channels - many have user activated buttons to transmit digital status messages to the dispatchers - fire brigade mobile radios often have Channels 400 to 510 or even Channels 347 to 510 (which includes police channels).
Portable radios - 1 watt or 4 watt - all are FM - some police portable radios operate at 75Mhz - most portable radios operate at 167Mhz - FD portable radios typically have 10 channels with Channel 231 being used for police/fire/ambulance coordination.
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Police Services
Please see Ray's Police Car website elsewhere on my website
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Fire Service
Major cities use a combination of professional staffed stations and volunteer (staffed when needed) stations. Suburban and rural areas are covered by volunteer fire departments. Fire departments provide extrication at motor vehicle accidents, water rescue services, and hazardous material containment.
Berlin Fire Department - for English article, click bottom of left side
There is a nationwide site also - see www.fire-ems.net under International FDs
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Per December 1988 Fire Command -
Hamburg - 18 stations - all stations have 2 pumpers + 1 heavy rescue + 1 ladder + 2 ambulances - 10 to 16 people on duty (+ ambulance staff) - BLS ambulances based at fire stations are staffed by 2 firefighters - ALS ambulances based at hospitals are staffed by 2 firefighter/paramedics + 1 doctor - BLS staff receive 10 weeks of training - ALS staff receive an additional 250 hours of training
Frankfort - 7 fire stations + 1 sub fire station + 1 fire boat station + 28 volunteer fire brigades
Munich - 1400 firefighters + 200 administrators - $50 million budget - 8 stations - 8 to 10 minute response times - 7 ambulances staffed by doctors located at hospitals - the Red Cross dispatches all ambulances
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Ambulance Services
In the major cities, fire department ambulances staffed by paramedics and doctors provide Emergency Medical Services. In suburban and rural areas, ambulance service is provided by Red Cross and health department ambulances. Helicopter ambulances operate from 20 bases across the country in order to provide a 20 minute response time to all areas. The Helicopter ambulances are funded by the government and the automobile clubs.
add website from the city that has the audio files
this website has a little toneout when you click on it G Schimmy - Red Cross Ambo Member
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From: �� Stefan Kroepsch Hi. -
I'm a 27 years old EMT from Germany.
Who wants to exchange informations about the two (quite) different EMS systems in Germany and the US (especially California)? I think this could be very interesting to both.
Regards, Stefan EMT Stuttgart, Germany
There are 2 different grades of qualification in the German EMS system. The first ist named "Rettungssanit�ter" and has 13 weeks of training (4 weeks in school, 4 weeks in hospital, 4 weeks as 3rd person on an ALS unit and 1 week of exams)
The second is named "Rettungsassistent" and has 2 years of training (1 year in school / hospital and 1 year as 2nd person on an ALS unit) The "Rettungsassistent" is the team leader on an ALS unit and responsible for the whole team
The profession "Rettungsassistent" exists since 1989 (!). The juristic situation of the Rettungsassistent is very difficult because in Germany only a doctor is allowed to apply a drug or intubate or defibrillate..... even if you are trained to do these things. This is the reason why we have emergency doctors which come to the scene if necessary. Only if there's no doctor available or could not be at the scene in time we are allowed to do more than basic support. Normally no doctor would care, the mot expect advanced support while they are on their way to the scene.
OK, enough for this time.....
--
Regards
Stefan
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Hi,
Ahhh, interesting facts about your training!
So what about your vehicles? We have the following types:
RTW (RettungsTransportWagen or Rettungswagen) 1 "Rettungsassistent" + 1 "Rettungssanit�ter" + often 1 trainee Advanced life support, responses to emergencies
NAW (NotArztWagen)
1 "Rettungsassistent" + 1 "Rettungssanit�ter" + 1 Emergency doctor Advanced life support, responses to emergencies the dispatcher decides a doctor is needed (see our law problem)
NEF (NotarztEinsatzFahrzeug)
1 "Rettungsassistent" + 1 emergency doctor Brings the doctor to the scene when the dispatcher decides it is necessary or the crew of a RTW demands it.
KTW (KrankenTransportWagen)
1 "Rettungssanit�ter" + 1 "qualified" person Normally does not respond to emergencies, transports non-emergency patients e.g. from hospital to hospital or from home to hospital.... Has no defibrillator or drugs on board, can apply BLS as a first responder (not very often in our area).
In the city of Stuttgart, where I live and work (pop 570,000) there are weekdays about 12 RTWs, 15 KTWs, 3 NEFs and no NAW on duty.
Bye!
- Stefan
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Civil Defense Services - ???
Search and Rescue Services - Wilderness rescue, Water rescue, lifeguards at Beaches
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Military - Navy, Navy Aviation, Army, Air Force, Border Patrol, Customs - ?compulsory military (or public safety) service for ?all ?18 year olds
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Started - July 13, 1999 - by Peter Szerlag
Updated - 01April00 - 15Sept00